Carbon monoxide mechanism of protection against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Carbon monoxide is quickly moving past its historic label as a molecule once feared, to a therapeutic drug that modulates inflammation. The development of carbon monoxide releasing molecules and utilization of heme oxygenase-1 inducers have shown carbon monoxide to be a promising therapy in reducing renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and other inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the developments and application of carbon monoxide releasing molecules in renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, and transplantation.

Rapidly prototyped multi-scale electrodes to minimize the voltage requirements for bacterial cell lysis.

Lab-on-a-chip systems used for nucleic acid based detection of bacteria rely on bacterial lysis for the release of cellular material. Although electrical lysis devices can be miniaturized for on-chip integration and reagent-free lysis, they often suffer from high voltage requirements, and rely on the use of off-chip voltage supplies. To overcome this barrier, we developed a rapid prototyping method for creating multi-scale electrodes that are structurally tuned for lowering the voltage needed for electrical bacterial lysis.