Comprehensive Optimization of Interferometric Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (iDWS).

It has been shown that light speckle fluctuations provide a means for noninvasive measurements of cerebral blood flow index (CBFi). While conventional Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) provides marginal brain sensitivity for CBFi in adult humans, new techniques have recently emerged to improve diffuse light throughput and thus, brain sensitivity. Here we further optimize one such approach, interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy (iDWS), with respect to number of independent channels, camera duty cycle and full well capacity, incident power, noise and artifact mitigation, and data processing.

Curriculum Innovation: A Standardized Experiential Simulation Curriculum Equips Residents to Face the Challenges of Chief Year.

Introduction And Problem Statement: A chief resident's role incorporates administrative, academic, and interpersonal responsibilities essential to managing a successful residency program. However, rising chief residents receive little formal exposure to leadership training.

Objectives: To (1) define leadership styles; (2) understand the effect of cultural competence on leadership styles; (3) learn effective methods to advocate as the chief resident; (4) provide effective peer feedback; (5) provide effective supervisor feedback; (6) learn effective conflict management; (7) ensure psychological safety.

The Impact of Functionality and Psychological Outcome on Social Engagement 3-months after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Although it is well-known that intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with physical and psychological morbidity, there is scant data on factors influencing social engagement after ICH. Understanding the relationship between functionality, psychological outcome and social engagement post-bleed may facilitate identification of patients at high risk for social isolation after ICH.

Methods: Patients ≥18-years-old with non-traumatic ICH from January 2015-March 2023 were identified from the Neurological Emergencies Outcomes at NYU (NEON) registry.

Negative disease-related stigma 3-months after hemorrhagic stroke is related to functional outcome and female sex.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with negative disease-related stigma after hemorrhagic stroke.

Materials And Methods: Patients with non-traumatic hemorrhage (ICH or SAH) admitted between January 2015 and February 2021 were assessed by telephone 3-months after discharge using the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Negative Disease-Related Stigma Short Form inventory. We evaluated the relationship between disease-related stigma (T-score >50) and pre-stroke demographics, admission data, and poor functional outcome (3-month mRS score 3-5 and Barthel Index <100).

An Exploratory Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Factors Associated With Sleep Disturbance Assessed via the Neuro-QoL After Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Sleep disturbance after hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage) can impact rehabilitation, recovery, and quality of life. We sought to explore preclinical and clinical factors associated with sleep disturbance after hemorrhagic stroke assessed via the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) short form sleep disturbance inventory.

Methods: We telephonically completed the Neuro-QoL short form sleep disturbance inventory 3-months and 12-months after hemorrhagic stroke for patients >18-years-old hospitalized between January 2015 and February 2021.

Relationship Between Hemorrhage Type and Development of Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol After Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Objective: Emotional and behavioral dyscontrol (EBD), a neuropsychiatric complication of stroke, leads to patient and caregiver distress and challenges to rehabilitation. Studies of neuropsychiatric sequelae in stroke are heavily weighted toward ischemic stroke. This study was designed to compare risk of EBD following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to identify risk factors for EBD following hemorrhagic stroke.

Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapies After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: Mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is common. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) is an important social determinant of health (SDoH) that can affect clinical outcome. We hypothesize that SDoH, including nSES, contribute to differences in withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (WLSTs) and mortality in patients with ICH.

The development of a clinical research educational training for community health workers using the joint task force for clinical trial competency framework.

The NYU Clinical & Translational Science Institute, in collaboration with a number of community-engaged initiatives, developed a training for community health workers (CHWs) to enhance health literacy about clinical research. This innovative research training provides CHWs with a basic level of competency in clinical research to convey the importance of research to communities and better advocate for their health needs. CHWs are an underutilized resource to engage diverse populations in clinical research.

Factors Associated With Anxiety After Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Objective: A significant number of patients develop anxiety after stroke. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for anxiety after hemorrhagic stroke that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: Patients admitted between January 2015 and February 2021 with nontraumatic hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral [ICH] or subarachnoid [SAH] hemorrhage) were assessed telephonically 3 and 12 months after stroke with the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Anxiety Short Form to evaluate the relationships between poststroke anxiety (T score >50) and preclinical social and neuropsychiatric history, systemic and neurological illness severity, and in-hospital complications.

Life stressors significantly impact long-term outcomes and post-acute symptoms 12-months after COVID-19 hospitalization.

Background: Limited data exists evaluating predictors of long-term outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The following outcomes were collected at 6 and 12-months post-diagnosis: disability using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), activities of daily living assessed with the Barthel Index, cognition assessed with the telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (t-MoCA), Neuro-QoL batteries for anxiety, depression, fatigue and sleep, and post-acute symptoms of COVID-19.

Pre-admission antithrombotic use is associated with 3-month mRS score after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

In patients who undergo thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, the relationship between pre-admission antithrombotic (anticoagulation or antiplatelet) use and both radiographic and functional outcome is not well understood. We sought to explore the relationship between pre-admission antithrombotic use in patients who underwent thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke at two medical centers in New York City between December 2018 and November 2020. Analyses were performed using analysis of variance and Pearson's chi-squared tests.

Psychological Outcome after Hemorrhagic Stroke is Related to Functional Status.

Background: To identify opportunities to improve morbidity after hemorrhagic stroke, it is imperative to understand factors that are related to psychological outcome.

Design/methods: We prospectively identified patients with non-traumatic hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage) between January 2015 and February 2021 who were alive 3-months after discharge and telephonically assessed 1) psychological outcome using the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders anxiety, depression, emotional and behavioral dyscontrol, fatigue and sleep disturbance inventories and 2) functional outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index. We also identified discharge destination for all patients.

Tachycardia is associated with mortality and functional outcome after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

Background: The relationship between cardiac function and mortality after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke is not well elucidated.

Methods: We analyzed the relationship between cardiac function and mortality prior to discharge in a cohort of patients who underwent thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke at two large medical centers in New York City between December 2018 and November 2020. All analyses were performed using Welch's two sample t-test and logistic regression accounting for age, initial NIHSS and post-procedure ASPECTS score, where OR is for each unit increase in the respective variables.

Trajectories of Neurologic Recovery 12 Months After Hospitalization for COVID-19: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background And Objective: Little is known about trajectories of recovery 12 months after hospitalization for severe COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients with and without neurologic complications during index hospitalization for COVID-19 from March 10, 2020, to May 20, 2020. Phone follow-up batteries were performed at 6 and 12 months after COVID-19 onset.

Social Determinants of Health Attenuate the Relationship Between Race and Ethnicity and White Matter Hyperintensity Severity but not Microbleed Presence in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: The association between race and ethnicity and microvascular disease in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. We hypothesized that social determinants of health (SDOHs) mediate the relationship between race and ethnicity and severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and microbleeds in patients with ICH.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with ICH at two tertiary care hospitals between 2013 and 2020 who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

Biomarkers of Coagulation and Inflammation in COVID-19-Associated Ischemic Stroke.

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Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome is Associated with Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objectives: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and hematoma expansion are independently associated with worse outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the relationship between SIRS and hematoma expansion remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients admitted to our hospital from 2013 to 2020 with primary spontaneous ICH with at least two head CTs within the first 24 hours. The relationship between SIRS and hematoma expansion, defined as ≥6 mL or ≥33% growth between the first and second scan, was assessed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.

Background: Toxic metabolic encephalopathy (TME) has been reported in 7-31% of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, some reports include sedation-related delirium and few data exist on the etiology of TME. We aimed to identify the prevalence, etiologies, and mortality rates associated with TME in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study among patients with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized at four New York City hospitals in the same health network between March 1, 2020, and May 20, 2020.

Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Patients in a Cohort of New York City Hospitals.

To describe the ischemic stroke subtypes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a cohort of New York City hospitals and explore their etiopathogenesis. Most neurological manifestations are non-focal, but few have reported the characteristics of ischemic strokes or investigated its pathophysiology. Data were collected prospectively April 1-April 15, 2020 from two centers in New York City to review possible ischemic stroke types seen in COVID-19-positive patients.

Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Extracranial Hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Anticoagulation therapy not only reduces the risk of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) but also predisposes patients to hemorrhagic complications. There is limited knowledge on the risk of first-ever ischemic stroke in patients with AF after extracranial hemorrhage (ECH).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using the California State Inpatient Database including all nonfederal hospital admissions in California from 2005 to 2011.

A Prospective Study of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in New York City.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated mortality of well-defined neurologic diagnoses among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we prospectively followed hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients and recorded new neurologic disorders and hospital outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of consecutive hospitalized adults in the New York City metropolitan area with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence of new neurologic disorders (as diagnosed by a neurologist) was recorded and in-hospital mortality and discharge disposition were compared between patients with COVID-19 with and without neurologic disorders.

Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be a devastating complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We aimed to assess risk factors associated with ICH in this population. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to NYU Langone Health system between March 1 and April 27 2020 with a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test result and presence of primary nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage or hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic stroke on neuroimaging.