Neurochemistry and functional connectivity in the brain of people with Charles Bonnet syndrome.

Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which people with vision loss experience complex visual hallucinations. These complex visual hallucinations may be caused by increased excitability in the visual cortex that are present in some people with vision loss but not others.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the visual cortex and CBS.

When and Why Antiegalitarianism Affects Resistance to Supporting Black-Owned Businesses.

Understanding how initiatives to support Black-owned businesses are received, and why, has important social and economic implications. To address this, we designed three experiments to investigate the role of antiegalitarian versus egalitarian ideologies among White American adults. In Study 1 ( = 199), antiegalitarianism (vs.

Can selecting the most qualified candidate be unfair? Learning about socioeconomic advantages and disadvantages reduces the perceived fairness of meritocracy and increases support for socioeconomic diversity initiatives in organizations.

While the majority of Americans today endorse meritocracy as fair, we suggest that these perceptions can be shaped by whether or not people learn about the presence of socioeconomic advantages and disadvantages in others' lives. Across five studies ( = 3,318), we find that people are able to attach socioeconomic inequalities in applicants' backgrounds to their evaluation of the fairness of specific merit-based selection processes and outcomes. Learning that one applicant grew up advantaged-while the other grew up disadvantaged-leads both liberals and conservatives to believe that otherwise identical merit-based procedures and outcomes are significantly less fair.

The consequences of heroization for exploitation.

The hero label has become a pervasive positive stereotype applied to many different groups and occupations, such as nurses, teachers, and members of the military. Although meant to show support, appreciation, and even admiration, we suggest that attaching this label to groups and occupations may actually have problematic consequences. Specifically, we theorize that the hero label may affect beliefs about the internal motivations of these group members that make them more vulnerable to exploitation.

Does "Jamal" receive a harsher sentence than "James"? First-name bias in the criminal sentencing of Black men.

Objective: Using archival and experimental methods, we tested the role that racial associations of first names play in criminal sentencing.

Hypotheses: We hypothesized that Black defendants with more stereotypically Black names (e.g.

Heroization and ironic funneling effects.

In recent years, much of the American public has venerated military veterans as heroes. Despite overwhelmingly positive public attitudes toward veterans, veterans have experienced higher rates of unemployment and underemployment than their nonveteran peers. The current research leverages theory and research on positive stereotypes to shed light on this seeming inconsistency between the heroization of veterans and their heightened rates of unemployment and underemployment.

The mutual constitution of culture and psyche: The bidirectional relationship between individuals' perceived control and cultural tightness-looseness.

According to the theory of mutual constitution of culture and psyche, just as culture shapes people, individuals' psychological states can influence culture. We build on compensatory control theory, which suggests that low personal control can lead people to prefer societal systems that impose order, to examine the mutual constitution of personal control and cultural tightness. Specifically, we tested whether individuals' lack of personal control increases their preference for tighter cultures as a means of restoring order and predictability, and whether tighter cultures in turn reduce people's feelings of personal control.

Long-Term Outcomes After Atrial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Background: For patients with d-loop transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with a systemic right ventricle after an atrial switch operation, there is a need to identify risks for end-stage heart failure outcomes.

Objectives: The authors aimed to determine factors associated with survival in a large cohort of such individuals.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included adults with d-TGA and prior atrial switch surgery seen at a congenital heart center.

The Challenges of Military Veterans in Their Transition to the Workplace: A Call for Integrating Basic and Applied Psychological Science.

Long-standing structural features of the military have created a culture and society that is dramatically different and disconnected from civilian society. Thus, veterans transitioning to civilian society face a number of challenges related to fulfilling basic psychological needs (e.g.

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the Fontan circulation: Clinical presentation and outcomes.

Background: Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is universal in patients with a Fontan circulation. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of its severe expressions, and, though rare, frequently fatal. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes of HCC in patients with a Fontan circulation.

The Psychological Appeal of Fake-News Attributions.

The term is increasingly used to discredit information from reputable news organizations. We tested the possibility that fake-news claims are appealing because they satisfy the need to see the world as structured. Believing that news organizations are involved in an orchestrated disinformation campaign implies a more orderly world than believing that the news is prone to random errors.

Complex Determinants of Work Ability in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease and Implications for Clinical Practice.

Background: "Work ability" is the employees' capacity to meet the demands of their job. As more patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are now reaching adulthood, we assessed work ability and factors impacting livelihood in adult CHD.

Methods: The work ability index (WAI) questionnaire and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were administered at 2 Midwest adult CHD centres from February 2017 to 2018.

A Privileged Point of View: Effects of Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Naïve Realism and Political Division.

In the United States, both economic inequality and political conflict are on the rise. We investigated whether subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) may help explain why these dual patterns emerge. We hypothesized that higher SSS may increase naïve realism-the belief that one perceives the world as it is, rather than as interpreted through one's own knowledge and beliefs-regarding political issues.

Structure-seeking as a psychological antecedent of beliefs about morality.

People differ in their beliefs about the objectivity of moral claims. We investigated a possible psychological antecedent that might be associated with people's beliefs about the objectivity of moral claims. More specifically, we examined the relationship between the endorsement of moral objectivism and one's need to see the world as structured, ordered, and predictable.

Successful TPV Implantation in a Pregnant Patient With Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Obstruction.

A patient with repaired double outlet right ventricle presented during early gestation with heart failure symptoms due to severe right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit stenosis and insufficiency. In the first trimester, she underwent transcatheter therapy with Melody pulmonary valve implantation with excellent hemodynamic results and completed pregnancy without significant maternal complications. ().

Management of Severe Coarctation of the Aorta During Pregnancy.

An 18-year-old primigravida woman underwent emergent percutaneous balloon stent repair of a severe coarctation of the aorta, allowing her to undergo an uneventful remaining pregnancy and the delivery of a healthy baby. Her case also demonstrates the association between maternal coarctation and fetal Shone complex. ().

Understanding contemporary forms of exploitation: Attributions of passion serve to legitimize the poor treatment of workers.

The pursuit of passion in one's work is touted in contemporary discourse. Although passion may indeed be beneficial in many ways, we suggest that the modern cultural emphasis may also serve to facilitate the legitimization of unfair and demeaning management practices-a phenomenon we term the legitimization of passion exploitation. Across 7 studies and a meta-analysis, we show that people do in fact deem poor worker treatment (e.

Lean in messages increase attributions of women's responsibility for gender inequality.

Although women's underrepresentation in senior-level positions in the workplace has multiple causes, women's self-improvement or "empowerment" at work has recently attracted cultural attention as a solution. For example, the bestselling book states that women can tackle gender inequality themselves by overcoming the "internal barriers" (e.g.

The long-term functional outcome in Mustard patients study: Another decade of follow-up.

Objective: For over 20 years, we have followed a cohort of patients who underwent the Mustard procedure for d-transposition of the great arteries. The current study follows the same cohort from our last study in 2007 to reassess their functional capacity and quality of life.

Participants: Of the original 45 patients, six patients have required cardiac transplant and 10 patients have died, including two of the transplanted patients.