Low-Voltage Flow-Through Electroporation Membrane and Method.

Electroporation uses high electric field gradients to create pores within the membrane of living cells in order to deliver a substance, for example a gene, into the cytoplasm. To achieve such gradients, current electroporation devices deliver voltage pulses in the kV range to the cell medium. We describe here a new device based on gold-microtube membranes that can accomplish electroporation with voltage pulses that are orders of magnitude smaller, 4 V.

Low-Voltage Flow-Through Electroporation in Gold-Microtube Membranes.

Electroporation is used to create pores within the membrane of living cells in order to deliver a substance, for example, a gene, into the cytoplasm. To achieve the high electric field gradients required to porate the membrane, current electroporation devices deliver voltage pulses in the kV range to the cell medium. We describe a new device based on gold-microtube membranes that can accomplish electroporation with voltage pulses that are orders of magnitude smaller, ≤5 V.

Microflow NMR: concepts and capabilities.

The principles and parameters to consider when choosing an NMR probe for analysis of a volume- or mass-limited sample are identified and discussed. In particular, a capillary-based microflow probe is described which has a mass sensitivity comparable to cryoprobes (observe volume approximately 40 microL), but with several distinct advantages. The microflow probe has a flowcell volume of 5 microL and an observe volume of 1.