In adult inpatients with a UTI, CPOE-based vs. routine stewardship reduced extended-spectrum antibiotic use.

Gohil SK, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al. JAMA. 2024;331:2018-2028.

In adult inpatients with pneumonia, CPOE-based vs. routine stewardship reduced extended-spectrum antibiotic use.

Gohil SK, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al. JAMA. 2024;331:2007-2017.

In nursing homes, universal decolonization vs. routine care reduced transfers to hospital for infection.

Miller LG, McKinnell JA, Singh RD, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:1766-1777.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Secondary bacterial infections and the impact on antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Secondary bacterial infections and bacterial coinfections are an important complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to antibiotic overuse and increased rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this literature review, we summarize the reported rates of secondary bacterial infections and bacterial coinfections in patients with COVID-19, the impact on patient outcomes, the antibiotic treatment approaches employed, and the resistance patterns observed. The reported data suggest that although the incidence of secondary bacterial infections or bacterial coinfections is relatively low, they are associated with worse outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilator use, and increased mortality.

In monkeypox, risk for some symptoms was greater in MSM with vs. without receptive anal contact.

Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, et al. Lancet. 2022;400:661-9.

Predictors of chronic COVID-19 symptoms in a community-based cohort of adults.

Background: COVID-19 can cause some individuals to experience chronic symptoms. Rates and predictors of chronic COVID-19 symptoms are not fully elucidated.

Objective: To examine occurrence and patterns of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV2 infection (PASC) symptomatology and their relationship with demographics, acute COVID-19 symptoms and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses.

Patients with COVID-19 had increased risk for acute MI and ischemic stroke at 14 d vs. matched controls.

Katsoularis I, Fonseca-Rodriguez O, Farrington P, et al. Lancet. 2021;398:599-607.

Association of Varying Clinical Manifestations and Positive Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: The complex relationship between clinical manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and individual immune responses is not fully elucidated.

Objective: To examine phenotypes of symptomatology and their relationship with positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses.

Methods: An observational study was performed of adults (≥18 years) from 5 US states.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Symptom Onset in Culturally Linked Orthodox Jewish Communities Across Multiple Regions in the United States.

Importance: Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in the United States are still emerging.

Objective: To elucidate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and symptom onset in a culturally linked community across 5 states in the United States.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included adults (aged ≥18 years) recruited from the orthodox Jewish community across 5 states (California, Connecticut, Michigan, New Jersey, and New York) in 3 geographically distinct areas of the United States between May 13 and July 6, 2020.

What Is the Predictive Value of a Single Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR Swab Test in a Patient With COVID-Like Symptoms and/or Significant COVID-19 Exposure?

Utilizing results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and subsequent antibody titers, we report on the test characteristics of a PCR screening test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among hospital workers. The PCR test was found to be 87% sensitive and 97% specific, with a positive predictive value of 0.98 and a negative predictive value of 0.

Effectiveness and appropriateness of empiric metronidazole for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Objective: Although Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious etiology of nosocomial diarrhea, noninfectious causes are far more common. Empiric initiation of therapy for all patients is of unknown value. The aim of this study was to determine benefits of empiric metronidazole for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).

Underlying characteristics of patients harboring highly resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Background: Highly resistant (HR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) are frequently hospital-acquired and may be important causes of severe nosocomial infections.

Objective: Determine risk factors associated with such colonization/infection.

Method: Retrospective review in 2000 of all AB isolates from sterile (blood, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) and nonsterile (respiratory, urine, and miscellaneous) sites.

Completely resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains.

Nosocomially acquired completely resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains are a major clinical concern. We identified completely resistant A. baumannii in 6 (4.