Bony prominence and variations of the transverse sinus groove: novel anatomical findings in relation to sinus pathologies.

The transverse sinus (TS) is often involved with pathology for structural reasons. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the anatomy along the groove of the TS and sigmoid sinus (SS), to discuss the relationship between the bony features and pathologies affecting the TS. Seventy dry skulls (140 sides) were used for detailed observation of the TS and SS grooves using gross investigation coupled with transillumination.

Aspiration of Subdural Hygroma Using Augmented Reality Neuronavigation: A Case Report.

Augmented reality (AR) is emerging as a key technology in neurosurgery. Projecting three-dimensional (3D) anatomic models onto the surgical field provides unique operative information to make procedures safer and more efficient. A small footprint, rapid registration AR system was used for bedside guidance during aspiration of a subdural hygroma.

Augmented Reality-Guided External Ventricular Drain Placement: A Case Report.

The placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is a critical neurosurgical procedure used to relieve intracranial pressure in patients with conditions such as hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, and intracranial hemorrhage. Traditional methods rely heavily on anatomical landmarks and the surgeon's experience, which can lead to variability in outcomes and increased risk of complications. Neuronavigation, while available, is infrequently used due to the size, cost, and set-up times associated with these devices.

Dimethyl Fumarate Mediates Sustained Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Aneurysm.

Cerebral aneurysms (CA) are a type of vascular disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality with rupture. Dysfunction of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from circle of Willis (CoW) vessels mediates CA formation, as they are the major cell type of the arterial wall and play a role in maintaining vessel integrity. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, has been shown to inhibit VSMC proliferation and reduce CA formation in a mouse model.

Cellular senescence, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation in the aging brain.

Aging may lead to low-level chronic inflammation that increases the susceptibility to age-related conditions, including memory impairment and progressive loss of brain volume. As brain health is essential to promoting healthspan and lifespan, it is vital to understand age-related changes in the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) that drive normal brain aging. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships, and hierarchical order of such changes and their impact on normal brain aging remain to be clarified.

Most influential women neurosurgeons on Twitter.

Background: Social media platforms can increase gender diversity and foster community within the neurosurgical field. Women have been historically underrepresented in neurosurgery. The purpose of this study is to compile a list of women neurosurgeons on Twitter according to their social media influence and identify whether social media influence correlates with academic productivity.

The Posterior Auricularis Muscle as Superficial Landmark for the Sigmoid Sinus and Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Junction: An Anatomical Study.

Objective: Neuronavigation systems coupled with previously reported external anatomical landmarks assist neurosurgeons during intracranial procedures. We aimed to verify whether the posterior auricularis muscle (PAM) could be used as an external landmark for identifying the sigmoid sinus (SS) and the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) during posterior cranial fossa surgery.

Methods: The PAM was dissected in 10 adult cadaveric heads and after drilling the underlying bone, the relationships with the underlying SS and TSSJ were noted.

Immune cells: potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system.

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery. However, the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers. Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.

Tracing the path of disruption: C isotope applications in traumatic brain injury-induced metabolic dysfunction.

Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is a critical pathological hallmark observed in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as extensively documented in clinical investigations and experimental models. An in-depth understanding of the bioenergetic disturbances that occur following TBI promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for the timely development of interventions to improve patient outcomes. The C isotope tracing technique represents a robust methodological advance, harnessing biochemical quantification to delineate the metabolic trajectories of isotopically labeled substrates.

The Top 100 Most Cited Journal Articles on Hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephalus represents a significant burden of disease, with more than 383,000 new cases annually worldwide. When the magnitude of this condition is considered, a centralized archive of pertinent literature is of great clinical value. From a neurosurgical standpoint, hydrocephalus is one of the most frequently treated conditions in the field.

Training Cerebrovascular and Neuroendovascular Surgery Residents: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations.

The rapid evolution of neuroendovascular intervention has resulted in the inclusion of endovascular techniques as a core competency in neurosurgical residency training. We conducted a literature review of studies involving the training of neurosurgical residents in cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery. We reviewed the evolution of cerebrovascular neurosurgery and the effects of these changes on residency, and we propose interventions to supplement contemporary training.

Angulation of the dural venous sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa: Anatomical study with clinical and surgical applications.

Cerebral vein and dural venous sinus thromboses (CVST) account for 0.5%-1% of all strokes. Some structural factors associated with a potentially higher risk for developing CVST have been described.

Unreported variant foramen of the frontal bone: the latero-orbital foramen.

Variant foramina of the skull can lead to misdiagnosis on medical imaging and potentially, intraoperative complications if not appreciated. Here, we report an unusual foramen found superior to the frontozygomatic suture. The foramen was located on the left side at the superolateral rim of the orbit, 2.

Are the Ethmoidal Foramina Through the Frontal Bone, Ethmoid Bone, or Frontoethmoidal Suture?

Introduction: To investigate the locations of the anterior, middle, and posterior ethmoidal foramina and their relationships to the frontoethmoidal suture.

Methods: One hundred twenty sides from sixty adult human skulls were used. Specimens with significant damage to the medial orbit wall were excluded.

Assessing the clinical reasoning of ChatGPT for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a promising tool in medicine. ChatGPT, a large language model AI Chatbot, shows promise in supporting clinical practice. We assess the potential of ChatGPT as a clinical reasoning tool for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.

A Highly Unusual Source and Course of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve With Related Variations: A Case Report.

The gluteal region is rich in neurovasculature that divides in predictable ways. Though these characteristic relationships can be helpful when orienting oneself to the gluteal region, it is especially useful to be aware of anatomical variations in this region. Knowledge of such differences allows for a better appreciation of nerve entrapments and neuropathies, and such awareness is critical during surgeries.

An anatomical study of the sigmoid sinus artery: Application to the transmastoid approach.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the morphological features of the artery that traverse the sigmoid sinus's lateral surface and to discuss this structure's clinical relevance.

Methods: Ten sides from five cadaveric Caucasian heads were used for gross anatomical dissection to investigate the morphological features of the sigmoid sinus artery (SSA), and additional five sides were used for histological observation.

Results: The SSA was found on eight out of ten sides (80%).

Transcription factor support for the dual embryological origin of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

The embryological origin of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles has been debated for over a century. To shed light on this issue, the present anatomical study was performed. Five fresh frozen human cadavers, three males and two females, were used for this study.

Assessment of ChatGPT's performance on neurology written board examination questions.

Background And Objectives: ChatGPT has shown promise in healthcare. To assess the utility of this novel tool in healthcare education, we evaluated ChatGPT's performance in answering neurology board exam questions.

Methods: Neurology board-style examination questions were accessed from BoardVitals, a commercial neurology question bank.

Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid Breast Augmentation: Rare Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts and Management Strategies.

Background: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures in the treatment of hydrocephalus. There are reports of migration of the distal catheter to the breast pocket where cerebrospinal fluid then collects and can develop into a pseudocyst. There exist case reports in the literature of patients with prior breast augmentation who present with distal catheter migration from the peritoneal space into the breast tissue.

Trabeculae in the basilar venous plexus: anatomical and histological study with application to intravascular procedures.

Few studies have examined the basilar venous plexus (BVP) and to our knowledge, no previous study has described its histology. The present anatomical study was performed to better elucidate these structures. In ten cadavers, the BVP was dissected.