Paediatrics congenital heart disease is associated with plasma miRNAs.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) are the most common malformations from birth. The severity of the different forms of CHD varies extensively from superficial mild lesions with follow-up for decades without any treatment to complex cyanotic malformations requiring urgent surgical intervention. microRNAs have been found to be crucial in cardiac development, giving rise to possible phenotypes in CHD.

Variety in the Oral Cavity of Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and TLR2 Gene Expression.

Background: The aim was to diagnose in the oral cavity of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a genotyping technique and compare the results with those from conventional diagnosis by Papanicolaou (Pap) staining.

Methods: Palatal mucosa smears were performed on 18 dental care patients diagnosed with T2DM and grade I, II, and III prosthetic stomatitis who met the inclusion criteria; 18 healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were determined from total blood.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract from (Bertol.) DC., Quercetin, and Anti-Obesity Drugs in Adipose Tissue in Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat, which triggers a low-grade chronic inflammatory process. Currently, the search for compounds with anti-obesogenic effects that help reduce body weight, as well as associated comorbidities, continues. Among this group of compounds are plant extracts and flavonoids with a great diversity of action mechanisms associated with their beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects and/or as signaling molecules.

A low-protein maternal diet during gestation affects the expression of key pancreatic β-cell genes and the methylation status of the regulatory region of the gene in the offspring of Wistar rats.

Maternal nutrition during gestation has important effects on gene expression-mediated metabolic programming in offspring. To evaluate the effect of a protein-restricted maternal diet during gestation, pancreatic islets from male progeny of Wistar rats were studied at postnatal days (PND) 36 (juveniles) and 90 (young adults). The expression of key genes involved in β-cell function and the DNA methylation pattern of the regulatory regions of two such genes, (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) and (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A), were investigated.

lncRNAs dysregulation in monocytes from primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients: a bioinformatic and an experimental proof-of-concept approach.

Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the main cause of acquired thrombophilia where peripheral circulating cells such as monocytes have a key role. Currently, several studies have linked long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in different inflammatory and autoimmune processes, including lupus. However, the role of lncRNAs in antiphospholipid syndrome is unknown, therefore, we aimed to select and measure expression levels of three lncRNAs based on its abundance in monocytes from APS patients.

Sex-differential RXRα gene methylation effects on mRNA and protein expression in umbilical cord of the offspring rat exposed to maternal obesity.

Maternal obesity (MO) induces negative consequences in the offspring development. Adiposity phenotype is associated with maternal diet at early pregnancy and DNA methylation marks in the RXRα promotor at birth. Glucocorticoids play an important role in the regulation of metabolism through the activation of nuclear hormone receptors such as the RXRα protein.

Modulation of the mRNA of the Nlrp3 inflammasome by Morin and PUFAs in an obesity model induced by a high-fat diet.

Morin and PUFAs are bioactive compounds provided by the diet, with multiple biological activities, among which are the modulation of inflammation in various chronic diseases. The effect of supplementation with Morin, PUFAs, and the mixture of both on the levels of mRNA expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome as well as genes associated with inflammation and lipid metabolism, in an obesity model through a high-fat diet, during 8 weeks of administration were evaluated. The three treatments negatively regulated the expression of Nlrp3 mRNA.

DNA methylation of the RE-1 silencing transcription factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and gene expression of antioxidant enzyme in patients with late-onset Alzheimer disease.

Late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in elderly adults. However, the factors determining disease onset remain unclear. In the elderly, the activation and expression of the gene encoding RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) may be a determinant of neuroprotective mechanisms and good amyloidogenic pathway management.

More Evidence for the Genetic Susceptibility of Mexican Population to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through PNPLA3.

Background: The gene for patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. We previously found that Mexican indigenous population had the highest frequency reported of the PNPLA3 148M risk allele. Further, we observed a relationship between M148M genotype with elevated ALT levels in individuals with normal weight, overweight and obese.

n-3 Fatty acids modulate the mRNA expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and Mtor in the liver of rats fed with high-fat or high-fat/fructose diets.

Context: There is evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) can inhibit mTORC1, which should potentiate autophagy and eliminate NLRP3 inflammasome activity.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of a high-fat or high-fat/fructose diet with and without n-3-PUFAs on hepatic gene expression.

Materials And Methods: We examined the mRNA expression by RT-PCR of Mtor, Nlrp3, and other 22 genes associated with inflammation in rats livers after a 9-week diet.

A genetic variant in the interleukin 28B gene as a major predictor for sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Background And Aims: The IL28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12979860 is a major predictor of treatment outcomes in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but its distribution widely varies among populations and ethnicities. We undertook this study to investigate the distribution of IL28B SNP rs12979860 in Mexican patients with HCV infection and to assess its usefulness in predicting response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (PegIFN-α/RVB) therapy.

Methods: Three hundred and fifty patients with chronic HCV infection were studied.

17β-Estradiol transcriptionally modulates Nlrp1 and Nlrp3 inflammasomes in gonadectomized rats with inflammation.

Context: It has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) reduces the expression of inflammatory molecules, but there are no data that show the effect of E2 on the transcriptional regulation of innate immunity-related molecules and inflammasomes.

Objective: To study the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the transcriptional expression of the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1 (Nlrp1) and (Nlrp3) inflammasomes, which are mediators of inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Inflammation was induced in adult female gonadectomized (Gdx) rats by intramuscular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).

Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, cytokines and vascular mediators in the skin of systemic sclerosis patients.

Background: The activated NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the etiology of fibrotic diseases. The role of inflammasomes in SSc is still poorly understood.

Objectives: To determine the expression of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3) in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its relationship with pro-inflammatory cytokines and vascular mediators expression.

Significance of CASP8AP2 and H2AFZ expression in survival and risk of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Novel biomarkers for risk refinement and stratification in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are needed to optimize treatment results. We studied the expression of CASP8AP2 and H2AFZ associated with relapse and survival in bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed children with ALL. We found: (a) an increased risk for early relapse in those patients with low expression of CASP8AP2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.

The consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulates gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on metabolic state and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese adolescents. Obese adolescents (n = 26, 10 girls and 16 boys) aged 12.4 ± 2.

Association of the I148M/PNPLA3 variant with elevated alanine transaminase levels in normal-weight and overweight/obese Mexican children.

Background And Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are common in obese Hispanic adults and children. Recently, a PNPLA3 gene variant (I148M) was strongly associated with NAFLD and higher ALT levels in obese adults, including Hispanics. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of elevated ALT levels, and to address the influence of obesity and PNPLA3/I148M on ALT levels in a general population sample of Mexican school-aged children.

Changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells glutamine synthetase mRNA after exercise in healthy volunteers: exploring an alternative proposal for non hepatic ammonia metabolism.

Background: Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in the inter-organ metabolism of ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy. The main objective of the present work was to disclose the possible effect of exercise on GS mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) within a group of healthy volunteers.

Material And Methods: PBMC were studied instead of skeletal muscle because of ethical concerns.

Transcript levels of Toll-Like Receptors 5, 8 and 9 correlate with inflammatory activity in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Dysregulation of innate immune response by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) is a key feature in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Most studies have focused on TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 participation in UC. However, few studies have explored other TLRs.

IFN-stimulated gene expression is a useful potential molecular marker of response to antiviral treatment with Peg-IFNα 2b and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1.

Background And Aims: We undertook this study to determine the baseline gene expression of IFI27, IFIT1, IFI6, ISG15, IRF-1, IRF-3, OAS-2 and CXCL10 and its usefulness as molecular markers of response to antiviral treatment with peg-IFNα 2b/RBV in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1).

Methods: Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR in baseline liver biopsies from 42 HCV-1 patients who were treated with Peg-IFNα 2b/RBV for 48 weeks. In addition, we investigated gene expression of these genes in a second liver biopsy obtained 24 weeks post-treatment in sustained viral response (SVR) and relapser patients.

Inside the outbreak of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1)v virus in Mexico.

Background: Influenza viruses pose a threat to human health because of their potential to cause global disease. Between mid March and mid April a pandemic influenza A virus emerged in Mexico. This report details 202 cases of infection of humans with the 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1)v which occurred in Mexico City as well as the spread of the virus throughout the entire country.

Identification of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 variants during the first 2009 influenza outbreak in Mexico City.

Background: In March 2009, public health surveillance detected increased numbers of influenza-like illness presenting to hospitals in Mexico City. The aetiological agent was subsequently determined to be a novel influenza A (H1N1) triple reassortant, which has spread worldwide. As a consequence the World Health Organisation has declared the first Influenza pandemic of the 21st century.