Primary intraventricular tumors - Imaging characteristics, post-treatment changes and relapses.

Primary intraventricular neoplasms are rare tumors that originate from the ependymal or subependymal, septum pellucidum, choroid plexus and the supporting arachnoid tissue. Knowledge of the common locations of these tumors within the ventricular system, together with key imaging characteristics and presentation age, can significantly narrow the differential diagnosis. In 2016, the WHO reorganized the classification of several primary CNS tumors by combining histopathological and molecular data.

SingHealth Radiology Archives pictorial essay Part 1: cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological cases.

The Singapore Health Services cluster (SingHealth) radiology film archives are a valuable repository of local radiological cases dating back to the 1950s. Some of the cases in the archives are of historical medical interest, i.e.

Persistent exclusion processes: Inertia, drift, mixing, and correlation.

In many biological systems, motile agents exhibit random motion with short-term directional persistence, together with crowding effects arising from spatial exclusion. We formulate and study a class of lattice-based models for multiple walkers with motion persistence and spatial exclusion in one and two dimensions, and use a mean-field approximation to investigate relevant population-level partial differential equations in the continuum limit. We show that this model of a persistent exclusion process is in general well described by a nonlinear diffusion equation.

Preparing surgeons for rural Australia: the RACS Rural Surgical Training Program.

Background: The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons' Rural Surgical Training Program (RSTP) ran from 1996 to 2007. As a formal review of the RSTP had never occurred, it remained unknown whether the RSTP had achieved its objectives of training surgeons for and retaining them in practice in rural Australia.

Methods: Sixty-six RSTP fellows and 67 general surgery fellows were asked to complete a survey evaluating factors influencing the decision to pursue a rural surgical career, the influence of the RSTP on subsequent career pathways and the adequacy of the RSTP in preparing its trainees for rural work.

Selective targeting of glucagon-like peptide-1 signalling as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease in diabetes.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone whose glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions have been harnessed as a novel therapy for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Although it has been known for some time that the GLP-1 receptor is expressed in the CVS where it mediates important physiological actions, it is only recently that specific cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 in the setting of diabetes have been described. GLP-1 confers indirect benefits in cardiovascular disease (CVD) under both normal and hyperglycaemic conditions via reducing established risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity, which are markedly increased in diabetes.