Electronic Mapping of a Bacterial Genome with Dual Solid-State Nanopores and Active Single-Molecule Control.

We present an electronic mapping of a bacterial genome using solid-state nanopore technology. A dual-nanopore architecture and active control logic are used to produce single-molecule data that enables estimation of distances between physical tags installed at sequence motifs within double-stranded DNA. Previously developed "DNA flossing" control logic generates multiple scans of each captured DNA.

Tensin regulates pharyngeal pumping in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Tensin is a focal adhesion molecule that is known to regulate cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Although there are four tensin homologs (TNS1, TNS2, TNS3, and CTEN/TNS4) in mammals, only one tensin gene is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sequence analysis suggests that Caenorhabditis elegans tensin is slightly closer aligned with human TNS1 than with other human tensins.

Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis eIF4E and eIFiso4E by SnRK1 inhibits translation.

Regulation of protein synthesis is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In mammalian systems, translational regulatory networks have been elucidated in considerable detail. In plants, however, regulation occurs through different mechanisms that remain largely elusive.

Conferring resistance to geminiviruses with the CRISPR-Cas prokaryotic immune system.

To reduce crop losses due to geminivirus infection, we targeted the bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) genome for destruction with the CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) system. Transient assays using BeYDV-based replicons revealed that CRISPR-Cas reagents introduced mutations within the viral genome and reduced virus copy number. Transgenic plants expressing CRISPR-Cas reagents and challenged with BeYDV had reduced virus load and symptoms, thereby demonstrating a novel strategy for engineering resistance to geminiviruses.

ATP-dependent nucleosome unwrapping catalyzed by human RAD51.

Double-strand breaks (DSB) occur in chromatin following replication fork collapse and chemical or physical damage [Symington and Gautier (Double-strand break end resection and repair pathway choice. Annu. Rev.

Preparation of fully synthetic histone H3 reveals that acetyl-lysine 56 facilitates protein binding within nucleosomes.

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of histones plays a central role in genome regulation. Engineering histones with defined PTMs on one residue or on multiple residues is crucial for understanding their function within nucleosomes and chromatin. We introduce a sequential native chemical ligation strategy that is suitable for the preparation of fully synthetic histone proteins, allowing for site-specific incorporation of varied PTMs throughout the sequence.

Delays and efficiency in the bronchoscopy suite: perception meets reality.

Procedural delays or late start times in the bronchoscopy suite can impact operational efficiencies and potentially patient care. To date, little data have been published examining the potential causes of such delays or ways to prevent them in the bronchoscopy unit. In a quality assessment project at a major medical center, we surveyed members of the bronchoscopy team to determine perceptions of the existence of delays in the bronchoscopy suite and possible causes.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidural abscess with bacteremia and multiple lung abscesses: case report.

A systemic infection due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in a hospital-naive 17-year-old girl with no history of soft-tissue infection. Although the initial signs and symptoms were indolent, systemic manifestations occurred, including extensive lung parenchymal damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient required long-term mechanical ventilation and was given linezolid for 8 weeks.

Role of early detection and pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases. By the time COPD has progressed to the point of clinical symptoms, over half of lung function may have been lost. This review will first describe studies that have examined the feasibility and yield of early detection of COPD using spirometry as a gold standard.

Optimizing bronchodilator therapy in emphysema.

The treatment objectives for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include relieving symptoms such as dyspnea and cough, slowing the accelerated decline in lung function, decreasing exacerbations, and improving quality of life. All major guidelines for COPD management recommend beginning treatment with bronchodilators. There are several classes of bronchodilators, including beta-agonists, anticholinergics, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, each with a specific mechanism of action.

Imaging of pleural masses: which to choose?

The differential diagnosis of pleural masses is limited. Asbestos-related disease and invasive bronchogenic carcinoma make up the majority of cases. The diagnostic yield of biopsies is low, and invasive procedures are often required to achieve diagnosis.