Stannous fluoride forms aggregates between outer and inner membranes leading to membrane rupture of and .

Objective: Stannous has been shown to bind to free lipopolysaccharides, thus preventing them from binding to TLR receptors. This study was undertaken to determine the histomorphological mechanism of stannous binding to anaerobic bacteria.

Methods: Two bacteria associated with gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease, () and , were cultured in 25-1,000 μM of stannous fluoride and stannous chloride for 48 h.

Novel findings on anti-plaque effects of stannous fluoride.

Purpose: To evaluate the antiplaque effects for 0.454% bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride (SnF₂) dentifrices versus controls by clinical model, plaque index, tooth surface and tooth type in a pooled analysis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to evaluate plaque effects of SnF₂ dentifrices from the same formulation family over the past 30 years.

Virucidal Activity of Over-the-Counter Oral Care Products Against SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose: The oral cavity is an important entry point for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study tested whether four commercially available mouthrinses and dentifrices have in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 (=4 log10 reduction in viral titer).

Materials And Methods: One part of stock SARS-CoV-2 virus plus one part 0.

Effects of an oral hygiene regimen on progression of gingivitis/early periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Periodontal disease continues to be prevalent globally, but little clinical research has been undertaken to evaluate the long-term benefits of a daily oral hygiene regimen on progression of gingivitis/early periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral hygiene regimen (OHR) on the periodontal health of adults in good general health with established gingivitis and early periodontitis over 24 months.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in adults with established gingivitis, with isolated sites of probing pocket depth >4 mm.

Randomized clinical trial assessing anti-gingivitis efficacy of two stannous fluoride dentifrices and zinc/arginine dentifrice.

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis efficacy of two bioavailable stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrices versus a zinc/arginine dentifrice and a negative control dentifrice, and to compare the plaque control benefits.

Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, four-treatment, parallel-group, double-blind, 3-month clinical trial. Healthy adult subjects with gingivitis were randomly assigned to one of four different dentifrice treatment groups: SnF2 dentifrice A, SnF2 (1,100 ppm F) + sodium fluoride (350 ppm F) + sodium hexametaphosphate (Procter & Gamble); SnF2 dentifrice B, SnF2 (1,100 ppm F) + sodium fluoride (350 ppm F) + citrate (Procter & Gamble); Zn/Arg dentifrice, zinc/arginine + sodium fluoride (1,450 ppm F) (Colgate-Palmolive); negative control dentifrice, sodium monofluoro-phosphate (1,000 ppm F) + sodium fluoride (450 ppm F) (Colgate-Palmolive).

Bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride toothpaste meta-analyses: Effects on dentine hypersensitivity and enamel erosion.

Objectives: To compare the effect of bioavailable gluconate-chelated stannous fluoride (SnF) toothpaste with control toothpastes for treatment of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) and enamel erosion.

Data And Sources: A Procter & Gamble Oral Care archive of clinical studies was reviewed from 2000 to 2020. Eligible studies were Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) investigating bioavailable gluconate-chelated SnF toothpaste efficacy compared to controls in adult participants measured following tactile (Yeaple force) and/or evaporative stimuli (Schiff score) in-vivo, duration <2 months (DH); or by erosive toothwear (profilometry) from in-situ samples, duration 10-15 days.

The relative clinical efficacy of three 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrices for the treatment of gingivitis over 3 months.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of three stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrices in the reduction of gingivitis versus a negative control dentifrice.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, four-treatment parallel group study. 120 healthy adult volunteers with established gingivitis were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of four dentifrice treatment groups (30/group): 0.

The effects of bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingival bleeding: Meta-analysis of eighteen randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To estimate gingivitis effects of a bioavailable gluconate chelated 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF ) family of dentifrices in adult subjects versus positive (triclosan) and negative (NaF or MFP) controls when used ≤3 months.

Materials And Methods: A meta-analysis evaluated bioavailable gluconate chelated SnF dentifrices versus a negative or positive control for gingival bleeding.

A clinical study to assess the effect of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on hypersensitivity relative to a marketed sodium fluoride/triclosan control.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a marketed stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to a marketed sodium fluoride (NaF)/triclosan dentifrice over an eight-week period.

Methods: Adults with confirmed dentinal hypersensitivity were enrolled in this randomized and controlled, parallel group, double blind, eight-week, single-center clinical trial. Random assignment to one of two dentifrice test groups via age, gender, and thermal sensitivity of enrolled test teeth was performed at baseline, with subjects assigned to twice-daily unsupervised brushing with either the marketed SnF2 dentifrice (Oral-B Pro-Expert, 0.

A randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the desensitizing effect of a stannous fluoride dentifrice.

Purpose: To assess the dentin hypersensitivity-reducing effectiveness of a 0.454% stannous-containing dentifrice as compared to a marketed negative control dentifrice after the first brushing as well as after 3 days and 2 weeks of twice daily use.

Methods: This was a 2-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, single-center clinical investigation in confirmed dentin hypersensitivity adult sufferers.

Evaluation of anti-gingivitis benefits of stannous fluoride dentifrice among triclosan dentifrice users.

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis benefits of a 0.454% highly bioavailable stannous fluoride dentifrice (SnF2) relative to a 0.3% triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (triclosan/copolymer) among triclosan/copolymer dentifrice users with residual gingivitis.

Digital plaque imaging evaluation of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice compared with a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice.

Purpose: To compare the relative plaque control efficacy of a marketed 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice relative to a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice using digital plaque imaging analysis (DPIA).

Methods: This was a randomized, two-treatment, double-blind, parallel group design study that compared SnF2 and triclosan/copolymer dentifrices over a period of 3 weeks.

Treatment responses to tooth whitening in twins.

The aim of this study was to determine heritability estimates of treatment responses to a 10% hydrogen peroxide strip-based whitening system in twins. Eighty-five twin pairs were randomly assigned to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips or placebo strips without peroxide. Both twins (monozygotic or dizygotic) received the same treatment.

8-week evaluation of anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis benefits of a unique multi-directional power toothbrush versus a sonic control toothbrush.

Purpose: To assess the ability of a novel multi-directional power toothbrush to control plaque and gingivitis when compared to a marketed sonic power toothbrush control.

Methods: This was a randomized and controlled, examiner-blinded, parallel group, 8-week study at a single center, in adult subjects with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. Pre-treatment gingivitis levels and plaque coverage were evaluated at baseline using the Lobene Modified Gingival Index (MGI), the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and the Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI).

12-week clinical evaluation of a rotation/oscillation power toothbrush versus a new sonic power toothbrush in reducing gingivitis and plaque.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an advanced rotation/oscillation power toothbrush (Oral-B Triumph with SmartGuide) relative to a new sonic power toothbrush (Sonicare DiamondClean) in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque over a period of 12 weeks.

Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel group, randomized study in which subjects brushed with their assigned toothbrush and a marketed dentifrice for 2 minutes twice daily at home for 12 weeks. Gingivitis and plaque were evaluated at baseline, Week 6 and Week 12 using the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Number of Bleeding Sites, and Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI).

Anti-gingivitis effects of a novel 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a positive control.

Purpose: To compare the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice to a commercially available positive control triclosan-containing dentifrice in a population of adults with gingivitis.

Methods: This single-center, randomized and controlled, double-blind, parallel group, 2-month trial enrolled 200 adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis.

Environmental and genetic contributions to indicators of oral malodor in twins.

This study aimed to: (1) determine concordance rates of self-reported and subjectively determined indicators of oral malodor in twins; (2) determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in intraoral and exhaled breath. Fifty-one twin pairs participated in the study. Measurements of VSCs were obtained by a halimeter.

Clinical evaluation of the fast onset and sustained sensitivity relief of a 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice compared to an 8.0% arginine-calcium carbonate-sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF2) in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity immediately after use, after 3 days and after a 2-week use period as compared to a positive control dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate.

Rapid desensitizing efficacy of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an experimental stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm fluoride) in the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity over a three-day period as compared to a positive control dentifrice containing 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate.

Methods: This study, conducted in China, had a controlled, randomized, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel-group design. Eighy-one healthy adult subjects with moderate dentinal hypersensitivity were enrolled, two bicuspid or cuspid teeth in different quadrants demonstrating reproducible thermal (cold air) sensitivity with a score of > 1 on the SchiffAir Sensitivity Scale were chosen for each subject.

Plaque and gingivitis reduction efficacy of an advanced pulsonic toothbrush: a 4-week randomized and controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of a novel sonic power toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque over a 4-week period.

Methods: This study employed a randomized two treatment, examiner-blinded, parallel group design. Subjects with evidence of gingivitis were randomly assigned to 4 weeks' twice daily home use of either the Oral-B Pulsonic sonic toothbrush or an ADA reference manual toothbrush.

Innovations in global dentifrice technology: an advanced stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice.

Purpose: Despite oral health improvements in many geographies, the prevalence of oral concerns, including caries, gingivitis, dentin hypersensitivity, breath malodor, calculus, and extrinsic staining remains unacceptably high across the globe. Dentifrice offers a convenient and accessible vehicle to deliver ingredients--such as antimicrobials, fluoride, and esthetic-enhancing agents--to treat a broad range of common oral conditions. Recently, a novel stannous-containing sodium fluoride (1450 ppm F-) dentifrice was introduced that has been tested in the lab and/or clinically in diverse geographic regions for its impact on major oral conditions.

Benefit of the power component of sonic and rotation-oscillation modes of action for plaque removal using power toothbrushes.

Purpose: To assess the benefit of the power component of two power toothbrushes, with sonic and rotation-oscillation mechanisms, on plaque removal efficacy.

Methods: Two independent studies with identical designs were used to assess the benefit of the power component of two power toothbrushes, with sonic and rotation-oscillation mechanisms, on plaque removal efficacy. Each brush was tested with the power 'On' relative to a control of the same brush with the power 'Off' used like a manual toothbrush.

Comparison of rotation/oscillation and sonic power toothbrushes on plaque and gingivitis for 10 weeks.

Purpose: Although power toothbrushes provide valuable tools toward improving oral health, contrasting results are discerned in their efficiency. This 10-week study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of rotation/oscillation and sonic power toothbrushes in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.

Methods: This two-treatment, parallel group, examiner-blind, randomized study had the subjects brush twice daily at home with their assigned rotation/oscillation or sonic toothbrush following manufacturer's instructions with center visits at baseline, and at 4 and 10 weeks following the baseline visit, for assessment of oral safety (all visits), plaque (baseline, Weeks 4 and 10), and gingivitis (baseline and Week 10).

Gingival transcriptome patterns during induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans.

Background: To our knowledge, changes in the patterns of whole-transcriptome gene expression that occur during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans were not previously explored using bioinformatic tools.

Methods: Gingival biopsy samples collected from 14 subjects during a 28-day stent-induced experimental gingivitis model, followed by treatment, and resolution at days 28 through 35 were analyzed using gene-expression arrays. Biopsy samples were collected at different sites within each subject at baseline (day 0), at the peak of gingivitis (day 28), and at resolution (day 35) and processed using whole-transcriptome gene-expression arrays.

A randomized 12-week study to compare the gingivitis and plaque reduction benefits of a rotation-oscillation power toothbrush and a sonic power toothbrush.

Objective: Sonic and rotation-oscillation power toothbrushes are popular and effective, but have been shown to differ in relative benefits. The objective of this 12-week investigation was to compare the efficacy of a rotation-oscillation powered toothbrush and a newly introduced sonic toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis and dental plaque.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel-group study to assess gingivitis reduction and plaque reductions after twice-daily brushing with either the rotation-oscillation brush or the sonic toothbrush over 12 weeks.