How May Influence the Geographic Distribution of Medical Trainees in the United States.

Third- and fourth-year U.S. medical students applying to residency were surveyed between August 6 and October 22, 2022, to assess the impact of on medical student residency application location choices.

Conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: impact on reflux and weight loss.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most commonly performed weight loss operation, and its 2 most common complications are postoperative reflux and weight recurrence. There is limited evidence to guide decision-making in treating these conditions.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of conversion of SG to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for GERD management and weight loss.

Patient perspective on virtual prechemotherapy visits in gynecologic oncology.

Objective: To assess gynecologic oncology patients' experiences with virtual prechemotherapy evaluation and determine preference for incorporating virtual visits into a chemotherapy schedule.

Methods: From June-August 2023, a survey was distributed to patients with gynecologic malignancies who had both an in-person and virtual prechemotherapy visit at a tertiary comprehensive cancer center. Patient satisfaction and preference for incorporating virtual visits was elicited.

Drivers of variation in postpartum opioid prescribing across hospitals participating in a statewide maternity care quality collaborative.

Background: We describe variation in postpartum opioid prescribing across a statewide quality collaborative and assess the proportion due to practitioner and hospital characteristics.

Methods: We assessed postpartum prescribing data from nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births between January 2020 and June 2021 included in the clinical registry of a statewide obstetric quality collaborative funded by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Abortion restrictions and medical residency applications.

Residency selection is a challenging process for medical students, one further complicated in the USA by the recent () decision over-ruling the federal right to abortion. We surveyed medical students to examine how is influencing the ideological, personal and professional factors they must reconcile when choosing where and how to complete residency.Between 6 August and 22 October 2022, third-year and fourth-year US medical students applying to US residency programmes were surveyed through social media and direct outreach to medical schools.

Circadian lncRNA ADIRF-AS1 binds PBAF and regulates renal clear cell tumorigenesis.

We identify ADIRF-AS1 circadian long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Deletion of ADIRF-AS1 in U2OS cells alters rhythmicity of clock-controlled genes and expression of extracellular matrix genes. ADIRF-AS1 interacts with all components of the PBAF (PBRM1/BRG1) complex in U2OS cells.

BiP inactivation due to loss of the deAMPylation function of FICD causes a motor neuron disease.

Purpose: The chaperone protein BiP is the master regulator of the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum. BiP chaperone activity is regulated by the post-translational modification AMPylation, exclusively provided by FICD. We investigated whether FICD variants identified in patients with motor neuron disease could interfere with BiP activity regulation.

Epigenetic state determines inflammatory sensing in neuroblastoma.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but many cancers are not impacted by currently available immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we investigated inflammatory signaling pathways in neuroblastoma, a classically "cold" pediatric cancer. By testing the functional response of a panel of 20 diverse neuroblastoma cell lines to three different inflammatory stimuli, we found that all cell lines have intact interferon signaling, and all but one lack functional cytosolic DNA sensing via cGAS-STING.

CD73 Epithelial Progenitor Cells That Contribute to Homeostasis and Renewal Are Depleted in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background & Aims: Although basal cell hyperplasia is a histologic hallmark of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), little is known about the capabilities of epithelial renewal and differentiation in the EoE inflammatory milieu. In murine esophageal epithelium, there are self-renewing and slowly proliferating basal stem-like cells characterized by concurrent expression of CD73 (5'-nucleotidase ecto) and CD104 (integrin β4). Here, we investigated CD73CD104 cells within the basal population of human esophageal epithelium and clarified the biological significance of these cells in the EoE epithelium.

Enterotoxigenic Degrades the Host MUC2 Mucin Barrier To Facilitate Critical Pathogen-Enterocyte Interactions in Human Small Intestine.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates are genetically diverse pathological variants of E. coli defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins. ETEC strains are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually.

Leveraging the Code of Ethics to Practically Promote Ethics During COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has surfaced many ethical challenges for nurse leaders who need the courage, ability, and support to make the right decisions. This paper discusses 3 ethical challenges: workforce shortages, staff assignments, and moral distress. It also offers strategies to leverage our code of ethics to navigate these situations.

Ventricular Volume Change as a Predictor of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Hydrocephalus is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) that often requires acute placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD). The current systems available for determining which patients will require long-term cerebrospinal fluid diversion remain subjective. We investigated the ventricular volume change (ΔVV) after EVD clamping as an objective predictor of shunt dependence in patients with aSAH.

Volumetric quantification of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage independently predicts hydrocephalus and seizures.

Objective: Hydrocephalus and seizures greatly impact outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, reliable tools to predict these outcomes are lacking. The authors used a volumetric quantitative analysis tool to evaluate the association of total aSAH volume with the outcomes of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and seizures.

Methods: Total hemorrhage volume following aneurysm rupture was retrospectively analyzed on presentation CT imaging using a custom semiautomated computer program developed in MATLAB that employs intensity-based k-means clustering to automatically separate blood voxels from other tissues.

Type 2 Immunity and Age Modify Gene Expression of Coronavirus-induced Disease 2019 Receptors in Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19). The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is now an appreciated portal of infection. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the serine protease TMPRSS2.

Normal cerebral ventricular volume growth in childhood.

Objective: Normal percentile growth charts for head circumference, length, and weight are well-established tools for clinicians to detect abnormal growth patterns. Currently, no standard exists for evaluating normal size or growth of cerebral ventricular volume. The current standard practice relies on clinical experience for a subjective assessment of cerebral ventricular size to determine whether a patient is outside the normal volume range.

Modeling Epithelial Homeostasis and Reactive Epithelial Changes in Human and Murine Three-Dimensional Esophageal Organoids.

The homeostatic proliferation-differentiation gradient in the esophageal epithelium is perturbed under inflammatory disease conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis. Herein we describe the protocols for rapid generation (<14 days) and characterization of single-cell-derived, three-dimensional (3D) esophageal organoids from human subjects and mice with normal esophageal mucosa or inflammatory disease conditions. While 3D organoids recapitulate normal epithelial renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, non-cell autonomous reactive epithelial changes under inflammatory conditions are evaluated in the absence of the inflammatory milieu.

The potential for malignancy from atopic disorders and allergic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: While chronic inflammation is a well-established risk factor for malignancy, studies evaluating the relationship between allergic inflammation and cancer have revealed conflicting results. Here, we aimed to assess the association between allergic inflammation in the lung (asthma), skin (eczema) or oesophagus (eosinophilic oesophagitis; EoE) and cancer at the organ site.

Design: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify observational studies (case-control, cohort and cross-sectional) evaluating the association between asthma and lung cancer, eczema and skin cancer, or EoE and oesophageal cancer.