Person-centred interventions to improve patient-provider relationships for HIV services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Introduction: Person-centred care (PCC) has been recognized as a critical element in delivering quality and responsive health services. The patient-provider relationship, conceptualized at the core of PCC in multiple models, remains largely unexamined in HIV care. We conducted a systematic review to better understand the types of PCC interventions implemented to improve patient-provider interactions and how these interventions have improved HIV care continuum outcomes and person-reported outcomes (PROs) among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

Hepatitis C Elimination in Rwanda: Progress, Feasibility, and Economic Evaluation.

Objectives: In 2018, Rwanda launched a national program to eliminate the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aim to assess the impact of the program to date and identify strategies to achieve the World Health Organization's HCV elimination goals by 2030.

Methods: We developed a microsimulation model to simulate Rwanda's HCV epidemic from 2015 through 2050 and evaluated temporal trends in HCV infection, prevalence, mortality, and the total cost of care for scenarios that could achieve HCV elimination by 2030.

Single-center experience with early liver transplantation for acute alcohol-related hepatitis-Limitations of the SALT score and directions for future study.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Since Mathurin et al. described their experience in providing early liver transplantation for patients with ALD in 2011, other centers have followed suit with generally favorable survival outcomes.

Hepatitis C Elimination in Moldova Is Feasible and Cost-Saving: A Modeling Study.

Background: Moldova, an upper-middle-income country in Eastern Europe, is facing a high burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our objective was to assist the National Agency of Public Health of Moldova in planning to achieve the World Health Organization's HCV elimination goals by 2030.

Methods: This study adapted a previously developed microsimulation model to simulate the HCV epidemic in Moldova from 2004 to 2050.

Highly sensitive and ratiometric detection of nitrite in food based on upconversion-carbon dots nanosensor.

Nitrite (NO) is extensively found in the daily dietary environment. However, consuming too much NO can pose serious health risks. Thus, we designed a NO-activated ratiometric upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanosensor which could realize NO detection via the inner filter effect (IFE) between NO-sensitive carbon dots (CDs) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs).

Using Motor Tempi to Understand Rhythm and Grammatical Skills in Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language Development.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show relative weaknesses on rhythm tasks beyond their characteristic linguistic impairments. The current study compares preferred tempo and the width of an entrainment region for 5- to 7-year-old typically developing (TD) children and children with DLD and considers the associations with rhythm aptitude and expressive grammar skills in the two populations. Preferred tempo was measured with a spontaneous motor tempo task (tapping tempo at a comfortable speed), and the width (range) of an entrainment region was measured by the difference between the upper (slow) and lower (fast) limits of tapping a rhythm normalized by an individual's spontaneous motor tempo.

The Relationship Between Pitch Discrimination and Fundamental Frequency Variation: Effects of Singing Status and Vocal Hyperfunction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pitch discrimination and fundamental frequency (f) variation in running speech, with consideration of factors such as singing status and vocal hyperfunction (VH).

Method: Female speakers (18-69 years) with typical voices (26 non-singers; 27 singers) and speakers with VH (22 non-singers; 30 singers) completed a pitch discrimination task and read the Rainbow Passage. The pitch discrimination task was a two-alternative forced choice procedure, in which participants determined whether tokens were the same or different.

Exploring individual differences in musical rhythm and grammar skills in school-aged children with typically developing language.

A growing number of studies have shown a connection between rhythmic processing and language skill. It has been proposed that domain-general rhythm abilities might help children to tap into the rhythm of speech (prosody), cueing them to prosodic markers of grammatical (syntactic) information during language acquisition, thus underlying the observed correlations between rhythm and language. Working memory processes common to task demands for musical rhythm discrimination and spoken language paradigms are another possible source of individual variance observed in musical rhythm and language abilities.

Addressing Unmet Surgical Needs in an Underserved Nigerian Community: Report of a 'Town and Gown' Initiative.

Background: Access to quality and timely care prevents unnecessary deaths and morbidity from potentially curable surgical diseases. This study describes the magnitude of unmet surgical needs in a Nigerian community and describes the experiences garnered during a surgical outreach organized by a tertiary institution in an underserved community.

Methods: This is a descriptive study highlighting details of a surgical outreach to a community in south-Western part of Nigeria.

Differences in the early impact of COVID-19 on food security and livelihoods in rural and urban areas in the Asia Pacific Region.

Lockdowns due to COVID-19 in early 2020 had health, economic, and social consequences globally. Using survey data collected as part of a rapid assessment among non-governmental organization- (NGO) supported communities in six Asia Pacific countries (n = 13,522), this study examined if the early impacts of COVID-19 on job loss or reduced income, food expenditure, food availability at households and markets, and affordability of essential items, differed between rural and urban areas. Job loss or reduced income was higher in urban areas than in rural areas in India (91.

Projecting COVID-19 Mortality as States Relax Nonpharmacologic Interventions.

Importance: A key question for policy makers and the public is what to expect from the COVID-19 pandemic going forward as states lift nonpharmacologic interventions (NPIs), such as indoor mask mandates, to prevent COVID-19 transmission.

Objective: To project COVID-19 deaths between March 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, in each of the 50 US states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico assuming different dates of lifting of mask mandates and NPIs.

Design Setting And Participants: This simulation modeling study used the COVID-19 Policy Simulator compartmental model to project COVID-19 deaths from March 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, using simulated populations in the 50 US states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nurse-Practical Messages.

: Patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex patients with various problems from a clinical and psychological point of view. This complexity must be addressed by a multidisciplinary team, and an inflammatory bowel disease nurse can be the ideal professional figure to create a link between doctor and patient. The objective of this comprehensive review is to describe the figure of inflammatory bowel disease nurses and the various benefits that their introduction into a multidisciplinary team can bring, as well as a focus on how to become an inflammatory bowel disease nurse.

Gender differences in psychosocial status of adolescents during COVID-19: a six-country cross-sectional survey in Asia Pacific.

Background: School closures and family economic instability caused by the COVID-19 lockdown measures have threatened the mental health and academic progress of adolescents. Through secondary data analysis of World Vision Asia Pacific Region's COVID-19 response-assessments in May-June 2020, this study examined whether adolescents' study, physical, and leisure activities, psychosocial status, and sources of COVID-19 information differed by gender.

Methods: The assessments used cross-sectional surveys of adolescents in poor communities served by World Vision (n = 5552 males and n = 6680 females) aged 10-18 years old in six countries.

Underrecognition of sleep-disordered breathing and other common health conditions in the West Virginia Medicaid population: a driver of poor health outcomes.

Study Objectives: To assess the prevalence rates of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in a high-risk and rural-dwelling Medicaid population with significant comorbidities.

Methods: Our study analyzed anonymized administrative claims data from West Virginia (WV) Medicaid. Claims data from 2019 were aggregated at the individual level to assess the overall prevalence of SDB and related conditions among adult Medicaid beneficiaries.

Differences in oxylipin profile in psoriasis versus psoriatic arthritis.

Background: Oxylipins are biological lipids that have been implicated in inflammation. We previously found that certain oxylipins correlated with clinical manifestations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Here, we compare oxylipin profiles in PsA patients and those with psoriasis (PsO) without inflammatory arthritis to identify oxylipins that associate with specific disease manifestations to better understand disease pathogenesis and identify new biomarkers.

Study of Temporal Effects on Subjective Video Quality of Experience.

HTTP adaptive streaming is being increasingly deployed by network content providers, such as Netflix and YouTube. By dividing video content into data chunks encoded at different bitrates, a client is able to request the appropriate bitrate for the segment to be played next based on the estimated network conditions. However, this can introduce a number of impairments, including compression artifacts and rebuffering events, which can severely impact an end-user's quality of experience (QoE).

The Superficial Femoral Artery: An Alternative Access for Percutaneous Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

Background: The aim of this study was to report the results of percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (PEVAR) using the superficial femoral artery (SFA) for large bore vessel access.

Methods: We reviewed all PEVAR procedures at our institution over an 18-month period, identifying all patients who underwent PEVAR with the use of one or both SFAs for endograft delivery with dual ProGlide large bore access closure. Indications for use of the SFA instead of the common femoral artery (CFA) included morbid obesity, CFA vessel wall disease, and scarring from previous CFA surgery.

The innovative viscoelastic CP ESP cervical disk prosthesis with six degrees of freedom: biomechanical concepts, development program and preliminary clinical experience.

The viscoelastic cervical disk prosthesis ESP is an innovative one-piece deformable but cohesive interbody spacer. It is an evolution of the LP ESP lumbar disk implanted since 2006. CP ESP provides six full degrees of freedom about the three axes including shock absorbtion.

Correlates of contraceptive use among Ghanaian women of reproductive age (15-49 years).

Though fertility in Ghana has declined from an average of 8 children per woman over the past three decades to 4 per woman in recent times, the current rate of population growth is still unmatched by the requisite economic growth. Recent evidence suggests that the use of contraceptives have increased marginally despite the considerable decline in fertility rate. This paper revisits the determinants of contraceptive use among Ghanaian women, aged 15-49 using the 2008 GDHS.

The LP-ESP(®) lumbar disc prosthesis with 6 degrees of freedom: development and 7 years of clinical experience.

The viscoelastic lumbar disk prosthesis-elastic spine pad (LP-ESP(®)) is an innovative one-piece deformable but cohesive interbody spacer providing 6 full degrees of freedom about the 3 axes, including shock absorption. A 20-year research program has demonstrated that this concept provides mechanical properties very close to those of a natural disk. Improvements in technology have made it possible to solve the problem of the bond between the elastic component and the titanium endplates and to obtain an excellent biostability.

Water ingestion affects orthostatic challenge-induced blood pressure and heart rate responses in young healthy subjects: gender implications.

Evidence exists that women have lower orthostatic tolerance than men during quiescent standing. Water ingestion has been demonstrated to improve orthostatic tolerance in patients with severe autonomic dysfunction. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that water ingestion would improve orthostatic tolerance in healthy young women more than in aged-matched men.

Defective signal joint recombination in fanconi anemia fibroblasts reveals a role for Rad50 in V(D)J recombination.

V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin loci is dependent on the immune cell-specific Rag1 and Rag2 proteins as well as a number of ubiquitously expressed cellular DNA repair proteins that catalyze non-homologous end-joining of DNA double-strand breaks. The evolutionarily conserved Rad50/Mre11/Nibrin protein complex has a role in DNA double-strand break-repair, suggesting that these proteins, too, may participate in V(D)J recombination. Recent findings demonstrating that Rad50 function is defective in cells from patients afflicted with Fanconi anemia provide a possible mechanistic explanation for previous findings that lymphoblasts derived from these patients exhibit subtle defects in V(D)J recombination of extrachromosomal plasmid molecules.

Construction of exercise attitude questionnaire-18 to evaluate patients' attitudes toward exercises.

The importance of exercise for health and the long-term management of various diseases is now well documented and established. However, the challenge is the lack of patient compliance to exercises, which is true for almost all diseases, from acute back pain to chronic arthritis. One of the factors for compliance is the perception that exercises are effective in ameliorating unpleasant symptoms.