Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: To investigate the long-term outcome of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in terms of neurocognitive, behavioral, and school functioning and to identify clinical risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Methods: This study describes the follow-up of a prospective multicenter sample of 89 children with mTBI 3.6 years postinjury and 89 neurologically healthy children matched for sex, age, and socioeconomic status.

Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and its risk factors and long-term outcomes in three definitions: a historical cohort study.

Objective: To compare the association of the severity categories of the 2001-National Institutes of Health (NIH), the 2018-NIH and the 2019-Jensen bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions with neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 2 and 5 years' corrected age (CA), and several BPD risk factors.

Design: Single-centre historical cohort study with retrospective data collection.

Setting: Infants born between 2009 and 2015 at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Amsterdam Medical Center.

Nutritional intake and growth until two years of age in moderate and late preterms.

Background And Aim: Moderate and late preterm infants (MLPTI) (gestational age 32 0/7-36 6/7 weeks), are at risk for suboptimal growth. This study evaluated adherence to nutritional recommendations until 6 months corrected age (CA), growth until 2 years CA, and associations between nutritional intake and growth until 2 years CA.

Methods: We prospectively collected nutritional intakes from 100 MLPTI during the first week of life and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months CA.

Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Impairment at 2- and 5-Years Corrected Age in Preterm Infants with Established Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2- and 5-years corrected age (CA) in a cohort of preterm infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included infants born between 2009 and 2016 at a gestational age (GA) <30 weeks with moderate or severe BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Perinatal characteristics, (social) demographics, and comorbidities were collected from the electronic patient records.

Duration of Neonatal Antibiotic Exposure in Preterm Infants in Association with Health and Developmental Outcomes in Early Childhood.

Over 90% of preterm neonates are, often empirically, exposed to antibiotics as a potentially life-saving measure against sepsis. Long-term outcome in association with antibiotic exposure (NABE) has insufficiently been studied after preterm birth. We investigated the association of NABE-duration with early-childhood developmental and health outcomes in preterm-born children and additionally assessed the impact of GA on outcomes.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Daily Life Functioning After Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission.

Objective: To investigate the long-term impact of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission on daily life functioning while exploring the potential mediating role of neurocognitive outcome.

Study Design: This cross-sectional observational study compared children aged 6-12 years with previous PICU admission (age ≤1 year) for bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation ("patient group," n = 65) to demographically comparable healthy peers ("control group," n = 76). The patient group was selected because bronchiolitis is not expected to affect neurocognitive functioning in itself.

Structured Multidisciplinary Follow-Up After Pediatric Intensive Care: A Model for Continuous Data-Driven Health Care Innovation.

Objectives: Morbidity after PICU admission for critical illness is a growing concern. Sequelae may occur in various domains of functioning and can only appropriately be determined through structured follow-up. Here, we describe the process of designing and implementing a structured multidisciplinary follow-up program for patients and their parents after PICU admission and show the first results illustrating the significance of our program.

Childhood outcomes after induction of labor or expectant management for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a 10-year follow-up of the PPROMEXIL trials.

Background: Management of late preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks' gestation balances the risks of preterm birth with the risks of infection for both the mother and the neonate. Expectant management to prolong pregnancy showed similar risks of neonatal sepsis, but children at 2 years of age showed more neurodevelopmental delay when compared with induction of labor. Long-term outcomes on child development after 2 years of age are unknown.

Effect of systemic hydrocortisone in ventilated preterm infants on parent-reported behavioural outcomes at 2 years' corrected age: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To report the parent-reported behavioural outcomes of infants included in the Systemic Hydrocortisone To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in preterm infants study at 2 years' corrected age (CA).

Design: Randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Dutch and Belgian neonatal intensive care units.

Comparison of New Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Definitions on Long-Term Outcomes in Preterm Infants.

Objective: To compare the discriminative performances of the 2018 National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the 2019 Jensen definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with the 2001 NIH definition on adverse neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 2 years and 5 years corrected age.

Study Design: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, outcomes of infants born at <30 weeks of gestational age were collected. The 3 definitions of BPD were compared by adding the different definitions to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's outcome prediction model for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) or death.

Preterm Birth is Associated with Lower Academic Attainment at Age 12 Years: A Matched Cohort Study by Linkage of Population-Based Datasets.

Objective: To compare academic attainment at age 12 years in preterm children born below 30 weeks of gestation with matched term-born peers, using standardized, nationwide and well-validated school tests.

Study Design: This population-based, national cohort study was performed by linking perinatal data from the nationwide Netherlands Perinatal Registry with educational outcome data from Statistics Netherlands and included 4677 surviving preterm children born at 25-29 weeks of gestational age and 366 561 controls born at 40 weeks of gestational age in 2000-2007. First, special education participation rate was calculated.

Long-term follow-up of children exposed in-utero to progesterone treatment for prevention of preterm birth: study protocol of the AMPHIA follow-up.

Introduction: Preterm birth is one of the main problems in obstetrics, and the most important cause of neonatal mortality, morbidity and neurodevelopmental impairment. Multiple gestation is an important risk factor for preterm birth, with up to 50% delivering before 37 weeks. Progesterone has a role in maintaining pregnancy and is frequently prescribed to prevent (recurrent) preterm birth and improve pregnancy outcomes in high-risk patients.

Child outcomes after induction of labour or expectant management in women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation: study protocol of the PPROMEXIL Follow-up trial. A long-term follow-up study of the randomised controlled trials PPROMEXIL and PPROMEXIL-2.

Introduction: Late preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM between 34 and 36 weeks gestational age) is an important clinical dilemma. Previously, two large Dutch randomised controlled trials (RCTs) compared induction of labour (IoL) to expectant management (EM). Both trials showed that early delivery does not reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis as compared with EM, although prematurity-related risks might increase.

Executive function training in very preterm children: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective of the current study was to assess whether game-formatted executive function (EF) training, is effective in improving attention, EF and academic performance in very preterm and/or extremely low birthweight children aged 8-12 years. A multi-center, double-blind, placebo- and waitlist controlled randomized trial (NTR5365) in two academic hospitals in The Netherlands was performed. Eighty-five very preterm children with parent-rated attention problems on the Child Behavior Checklist were randomized to one of three treatment conditions: EF training, placebo training or waitlist condition.

Subtypes of behavioral functioning in 8-12 year old very preterm children.

Background: Very preterm children often have difficulties in behavioral functioning, but there is large heterogeneity in the severity of these difficulties and in the combination of the difficulties observed. Few studies so far addressed this heterogeneity by examining whether more homogeneous subtypes of behavioral functioning can be identified.

Aims: To identify behavioral subtypes in a group of very preterm children, examine whether such subtypes are related to neonatal medical complications and/or parental education level (to better understand origins) and to examine whether such subtypes are associated with IQ and neurocognitive deficits in attention and executive function (to study underlying mechanisms of dysfunction).

Child outcomes after amnioinfusion compared with no intervention in women with second-trimester rupture of membranes: a long-term follow-up study of the PROMEXIL-III trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of transabdominal amnioinfusion or no intervention on long-term outcomes in children born after second-trimester prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM between 16 -24  weeks) and oligohydramnios.

Population: Follow up of infants of women who participated in the randomised controlled trial: PPROMEXIL-III (NTR3492).

Methods: Surviving infants were invited for neurodevelopmental assessment up to 5 years of corrected age using a Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development or a Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.

Eight-year-old very and extremely preterm children showed more difficulties in performance intelligence than verbal intelligence.

Aim: This study determined possible discrepancies between verbal IQ and performance IQ in 8-year-old very preterm (VPT) and extremely preterm (EPT) children, and examined associations between verbal IQ and performance IQ, and sociodemographic factors, perinatal factors, early cognitive outcomes and also with school achievement scores.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 120 eight-year-old VPT/EPT children. Cognitive development was assessed at the ages of 2, 5 and 8 years.

Effects of Executive Function Training on Attentional, Behavioral and Emotional Functioning and Self-Perceived Competence in Very Preterm Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Very preterm children have poorer attentional, behavioral and emotional functioning than term-born children. Problems on these domains have been linked to poorer executive function (EF). This study examined effects of a game-formatted, comprehensive EF training on attentional, behavioral and emotional functioning and self-perceived competence in very preterm children.

Developmental outcomes of very preterm children with high parental education level.

Background: Compared to their term-born peers, children born very preterm are at risk for poorer cognitive, academic and behavioral outcomes, however this finding may have been confounded by lower parental education level in the very preterm children. Studies that compare very preterm and term-born children with comparable (high) parental education level are needed to assess the true effect of very preterm birth on outcomes.

Aims: To compare cognitive, academic and behavioral functioning in very preterm and term-born children of highly educated parents.

Executive function deficits in children born preterm or at low birthweight: a meta-analysis.

Aim: To investigate the magnitude of executive function deficits and their dependency on gestational age, sex, age at assessment, and year of birth for children born preterm and/or at low birthweight.

Method: PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and ERIC were searched for studies reporting on executive functions in children born preterm/low birthweight and term controls born in 1990 and later, assessed at a mean age of 4 years or higher. Studies were included if five or more studies reported on the same executive function measures.

Duration of mechanical ventilation and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.

Objective: To investigate the association between invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants in an era of restricted IMV.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single neonatal intensive care unit in Amsterdam.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes at five years after early-onset fetal growth restriction: Analyses in a Dutch subgroup participating in a European management trial.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore developmental outcomes at five years after early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Study Design: Retrospective data analysis of prospective follow-up of patients of three Dutch centres, who participated in a twenty centre European randomized controlled trial on timing of delivery in early-onset FGR. Developmental outcome of very preterm infants born after extreme FGR is assessed at (corrected) age of five.

Visual perceptive skills account for very preterm children's mathematical difficulties in preschool.

Background: Already in preschool, very preterm (VP) children perform worse than term born-children on preschool mathematical skills tests. Strong associations have been found between preschool mathematical skills, cognition and visual-motor integration.

Aims: To compare VP children and their term-born peers on preschool mathematical achievement at the corrected age of five years, and determine whether cognitive, visual-perceptive, visual-motor, and motor-coordination skills, account for any significant differences observed.

Maternal psychological distress after severe pregnancy hypertension was associated with increased child behavioural problems at the age of 12.

Aim: We examined the association between early maternal psychological distress after severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and behavioural issues in their 12-year-old offspring.

Methods: This secondary analyses of a prospective mother-child birth cohort focused on 95 women with severe HDP and their singleton offspring. The mothers were recruited during pregnancy from 2000 to 2003 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.