MicroRNA in Fibrotic Disorders: A Potential Target for Future Therapeutics.

Fibrotic disorders are defined by accumulating excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components, especially collagens, in various organs, leading to tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. These conditions are associated with significant challenges in the healthcare system because of their progressive nature and limited treatment options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (approximately 22 nucleotides) that modulate gene expression by selectively targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression.

Microplastic removal and management strategies for wastewater treatment plants.

Discharging microplastics into the environment with treated wastewater is becoming a major concern around the world. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release microplastics into terrestrial and aquatic habitats, mostly from textile, laundry, and cosmetic industries. Despite extensive research on microplastics in the environment, their removal, and WWTP management strategies, highlighting their environmental effects, little is known about microplastics' fate and behaviour during various treatment processes.

Threats, challenges and sustainable conservation strategies for freshwater biodiversity.

Increasing human population, deforestation and man-made climate change are likely to exacerbate the negative effects on freshwater ecosystems and species endangerment. Consequently, the biodiversity of freshwater continues to dwindle at an alarming rate. However, this particular topic lacks sufficient attention from conservation ecologists and policymakers, resulting in a dearth of data and comprehensive reviews on freshwater biodiversity, specifically.