Nine years of patch testing with isocyanates in a clinic of occupational dermatology.

Background: Isocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers.

Objectives: To analyse results of a large isocyanate patch test series of 19 isocyanate test substances and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), a marker of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) hypersensitivity.

Acrylates in artificial nails-Results of product analyses and glove penetration studies.

Background: Artificial nail materials are mixtures that are prone to contain several sensitizing (meth)acrylates. It is not known whether the listing of (meth)acrylates is correct in these products' packages. Protective gloves suited for nail work are needed.

The additive value of patch testing non-commercial test substances and patients' own products in a clinic of occupational dermatology.

Background: Commercial patch test substances do not cover all occupational contact allergens. Workplace materials and in-house test substances are tested to complement the investigation of occupational skin disease (OSD).

Objectives: To quantify the additional value of testing workplace materials and non-commercial in-house test substances in the diagnosis of OSD.

Position statement: The need for EU legislation to require disclosure and labelling of the composition of medical devices.

Background: In recent years, skin reactions secondary to the use of medical devices (MD), such as allergic contact dermatitis have increasingly been observed (e.g. to continuous blood sugar monitoring systems, insulin pumps, wound dressings, medical gloves, etc.

Patterns of positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health from 2007 to 2020.

Background: Formaldehyde is an important contact sensitizer. Formaldehyde releasing substances induce positive reactions in formaldehyde-allergic patients, but there are also reactions independent of formaldehyde allergy. In an earlier study, stronger formaldehyde reactions led to more positive reactions to quaternium-15.

Machine-learning-driven biomarker discovery for the discrimination between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.

Contact dermatitis tremendously impacts the quality of life of suffering patients. Currently, diagnostic regimes rely on allergy testing, exposure specification, and follow-up visits; however, distinguishing the clinical phenotype of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis remains challenging. Employing integrative transcriptomic analysis and machine-learning approaches, we aimed to decipher disease-related signature genes to find suitable sets of biomarkers.

Allergic contact dermatitis and other occupational skin diseases in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in 2005-2016.

Background: Health care workers are an important risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).

Aims: To study diagnoses and causes of OSDs in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in 2005-2016.

Methods: We searched the FROD for dermatological cases (a) in health care-related occupations defined by ISCO-08 and (b) in the industrial branch of health care defined by European industry standard classification system (NACE rev.

Ten years of contact allergy from acrylic compounds in an occupational dermatology clinic.

Background: Contact allergy from acrylic compounds is a "hot topic". Knowledge on the exact chemical composition of acrylic products is superficial.

Aims: To retrospectively describe patients with allergic reactions to acrylic compounds.

Hairdressers' occupational skin diseases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in a period of 14 years.

Background: Hairdressers have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis caused by exposure to wet work and allergens in hairdressing chemicals.

Objectives: To examine the distribution of diagnoses of occupational skin diseases (OSDs) and their main causes in hairdressers based on a national register data on occupational diseases.

Methods: We retrieved cases of recognized OSDs in hairdressers from the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in years 2005-2018.

Construction workers' skin disorders in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases 2005-2016.

Background: Construction workers are a known risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).

Objectives: To study diagnoses and causes of OSD in construction workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) 2005-2016.

Materials And Methods: We searched the FROD for dermatological cases in (a) construction-related occupations defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) and (b) in the industrial branch of construction defined by the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.

Contact urticaria and protein contact dermatitis in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in a period of 12 years.

Background: Although occupational contact urticaria (CU) and protein contact dermatitis (PCD) are considered frequent among workers with exposure to proteinaceous materials, data on occupations at risk and the main causes of these occupational skin diseases are relatively limited.

Objectives: To report the causative agents and risk occupations for CU and PCD in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD).

Methods: We retrieved from the FROD all recognized cases of CU/PCD in the years 2005-2016.

12-year data on skin diseases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases II: Risk occupations with special reference to allergic contact dermatitis.

Background: Detailed epidemiological studies on occupational skin diseases (OSDs) are scarce.

Objectives: To analyze risk occupations for OSDs in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD).

Methods: We retrieved numbers of OSD cases (excluding skin infections) for different occupations from the FROD in 2005-2016.

12-year data on dermatologic cases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases I: Distribution of different diagnoses and main causes of allergic contact dermatitis.

Background: Skin diseases are among the most common occupational diseases, but detailed analyses on their epidemiology, diagnoses, and causes are relatively scarce.

Objectives: To analyze data on skin disease in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) for (1) different diagnoses and (2) main causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).

Methods: We retrieved data on recognized cases with occupational skin disease (OSD) in the FROD from a 12-year-period 2005-2016 and used national official labor force data of the year 2012.

A survey of members of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy and the EU project "StanDerm" to identify allergens tested in cosmetic series across Europe.

Background: There is currently no agreed cosmetic series for use across Europe.

Objectives: To establish allergens currently tested in local and national cosmetic series.

Method: Members of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology project TD1206 ("StanDerm") were surveyed to establish their current practice.

The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe: follow-up on changing exposures.

Background: Methylisothiazolinone (MI) has caused an unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy in Europe and elsewhere. Subsequently, regulatory action has been taken, at least in Europe, aiming at reducing risk of MI sensitization.

Objective: To follow-up on the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in consecutively patch tested patients and assess the spectrum of products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI in patients positive to MI which elicited current allergic contact dermatitis.

Allergic reactions to lower concentrations of nickel sulfate and formaldehyde often appear later than reactions to higher concentrations.

Background: A late-appearing patch test reaction may be a sign of active sensitization or represent a delayed elicitation reaction.

Objectives: To retrospectively study the effect of concentration on the time course of allergic reactions to routine concentration dilution series of formaldehyde and nickel sulfate.

Methods: We tested concentration dilution series of 2%, 1%, 0.

Skin exposure to epoxy chemicals in construction coating, assessed by observation, interviews, and measurements.

Background: Epoxy resin systems (ERSs) are among the leading causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives: To identify riskful exposures and sources of skin exposure, and to quantify skin exposure to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy monomer, in construction coating work.

Methods: Skin exposure to epoxy chemicals was studied in 5 coating companies through (a) interviews and visual observation, (b) quantifying DGEBA on 12 workers' skin by tape-stripping, (c) measuring DGEBA on 23 surfaces by wipe-sampling, and (d) quantifying DGEBA in new sewage pipe.

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by colophonium.

Background: Colophonium is a common contact allergen that is present not only in household products but also in occupational settings.

Objectives: To describe the sources of occupational exposure to colophonium and the occupations at risk of colophonium allergy.

Methods: We reviewed patch test files from the years 2002 to 2017 at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for patients with allergic reactions to colophonium and abietic acid.

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by nail acrylates in Europe. An EECDRG study.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nail acrylates, also including methacrylates and cyanoacrylates here, is being increasingly reported.

Methods: A retrospective study in 11 European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG) clinics collected information on cases of ACD caused by nail acrylates diagnosed by aimed testing between 2013 and 2015.

Results: Among 18 228 studied patients, 136 had ACD caused by nail acrylates (0.