Cross-cohort generalizability of deep and conventional machine learning for MRI-based diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease.

This work validates the generalizability of MRI-based classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and controls (CN) to an external data set and to the task of prediction of conversion to AD in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used a conventional support vector machine (SVM) and a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) approach based on structural MRI scans that underwent either minimal pre-processing or more extensive pre-processing into modulated gray matter (GM) maps. Classifiers were optimized and evaluated using cross-validation in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; 334 AD, 520 CN).

Imaging markers associated with the development of post-stroke depression and apathy: Results of the Cognition and Affect after Stroke - a Prospective Evaluation of Risks study.

Introduction: It has been suggested that the development of post-stroke apathy (PSA) and depression (PSD) may be more strongly associated with generalised brain pathology, rather than the stroke lesion itself. The present study aimed to investigate associations between imaging markers of lesion-related and generalised brain pathology and the development of PSA and PSD during a one-year follow-up.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 188 stroke patients received 3-Tesla MRI at baseline (three months post-stroke) for evaluation of lesion-related, vascular, and degenerative brain pathology.

The Association Between Biomarkers and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Methods: Data from two large cohort studies, the Dutch Parelsnoer Institute - Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was used, including subjects with subjective cognitive decline (N = 650), mild cognitive impairment (N = 887), and Alzheimer's disease dementia (N = 626). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ, t-tau, p-tau, and hippocampal volume were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory) using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Determinants of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Health-Related Quality of Life in Memory Clinic Patients Without Dementia.

Objective: To identify determinants within 3 different domains (ie, somatic comorbidities, cognitive functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptoms [NPS]) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time in memory clinic patients without dementia.

Methods: This longitudinal multicenter cohort study with a 3-year observation period recruited 315 individuals (age: 69.8 ± 8.

Affective symptoms and AT(N) biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic literature review.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers such as amyloid, p-tau and neuronal injury markers have been associated with affective symptoms in cognitively impaired individuals, but results are conflicting.

Methods: CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched for studies evaluating AD biomarkers with affective symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia. Studies were classified according to AT(N) research criteria.

Trajectories and Determinants of Quality of Life in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Quality of Life (QoL) is an important outcome measure in dementia, particularly in the context of interventions. Research investigating longitudinal QoL in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is currently lacking.

Objective: To investigate determinants and trajectories of QoL in DLB compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and controls.

A survey on the prevalence of apathy in elderly people referred to specialized memory centers.

Background: Apathy is a pervasive neuropsychiatric syndrome in people with neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. The diagnostic criteria for apathy (DCA) have been revised in 2018.

Objectives: Employing the 2018 DCA, in the present study, we investigated in groups of elderly subjects suffering from different neuropsychiatric disorders (a) the apathy prevalence; (b) the most commonly affected apathy dimensions (behavior/cognition, emotion, and social interaction); (c) the sensitivity and specificity of those dimensions for apathy diagnosis; and (d) the concurrent validity of 2018 DCA compared with the 2009 DCA.

Apolipoprotein E and affective symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: APOE status has been associated to affective symptoms in cognitively impaired subjects, with conflicting results.

Methods: Databases CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and PubMed were searched for studies evaluating APOE genotype with affective symptoms in MCI and AD dementia. Symptoms were meta-analyzed separately and possible sources of heterogeneity were examined.

Is it time to revise the diagnostic criteria for apathy in brain disorders? The 2018 international consensus group.

Background: Apathy is a very common behavioural and psychological symptom across brain disorders. In the last decade, there have been considerable advances in research on apathy and motivation. It is thus important to revise the apathy diagnostic criteria published in 2009.

Personality traits and course of symptoms of depression and apathy after stroke: Results of the CASPER study.

Objective: Post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke apathy (PSA) are both associated with adverse outcome after stroke. This study aimed to examine whether personality traits predict the course of PSD and PSA.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 240 stroke patients completed the NEO Five Factor Inventory, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and Apathy Evaluation Scale at 3 months post-stroke.

Correction to: Cerebrovascular and amyloid pathology in predementia stages: the relationship with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.

Upon publication of this article [1], it was noticed that there were some inconsistencies in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Some of the superscript letters were incorrectly assigned. Please see below the correct tables.

Shades of white: diffusion properties of T1- and FLAIR-defined white matter signal abnormalities differ in stages from cognitively normal to dementia.

The underlying pathology of white matter signal abnormalities (WMSAs) is heterogeneous and may vary dependent on the magnetic resonance imaging contrast used to define them. We investigated differences in white matter diffusivity as an indicator for white matter integrity underlying WMSA based on T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging contrast. In addition, we investigated which white matter region of interest (ROI) could predict clinical diagnosis best using diffusion metrics.

Co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and executive dysfunction after stroke: associations with brain pathology and prognosis.

Objective: To examine, first, whether the co-occurrence of executive dysfunction (ED) and poststroke depression (PSD) shows different associations with neuroimaging markers and the course of depression and executive function, and second, whether it is associated with a different course on other cognitive domains and quality of life.

Methods: The present study included 245 stroke patients (35.9% female, mean age 67.

Cerebrovascular and amyloid pathology in predementia stages: the relationship with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and amyloid-β (Aβ) often coexist, but their influence on neurodegeneration and cognition in predementia stages remains unclear. We investigated the association between CVD and Aβ on neurodegenerative markers and cognition in patients without dementia.

Methods: We included 271 memory clinic patients with subjective or objective cognitive deficits but without dementia from the BioBank Alzheimer Center Limburg cohort (n = 99) and the LeARN (n = 50) and DESCRIPA (n = 122) multicenter studies.

Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Insulin with Cognitive Performance and CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Abnormal insulin signaling in the brain has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin levels are associated with cognitive performance and CSF amyloid-β and Tau. Additionally, we explore whether any such association differs by sex or APOE ɛ4 genotype.

Baseline Vascular Cognitive Impairment Predicts the Course of Apathetic Symptoms After Stroke: The CASPER Study.

Objective: To examine the influence of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) on the course of poststroke depression (PSD) and poststroke apathy (PSA).

Methods: Included were 250 stroke patients who underwent neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric assessment 3 months after stroke (baseline) and at a 6- and 12-month follow-up after baseline. Linear mixed models tested the influence of VCI in at least one cognitive domain (any VCI) or multidomain VCI (VCI in multiple cognitive domains) at baseline and domain-specific VCI at baseline on levels of depression and apathy over time, with random effects for intercept and slope.

Temporal Associations between Fatigue, Depression, and Apathy after Stroke: Results of the Cognition and Affect after Stroke, a Prospective Evaluation of Risks Study.

Background: Poststroke fatigue (PSF) is a form of pathological fatigue that can develop after stroke and has a negative impact on functional outcome. PSF is associated with poststroke depression (PSD), which in turn shows similarities with poststroke apathy (PSA). This study aimed at disentangling the temporal associations between PSF and PSD and between PSF and PSA.

Imaging Markers of Post-Stroke Depression and Apathy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several brain imaging markers have been studied in the development of post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke apathy (PSA), but inconsistent associations have been reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of imaging markers associated with PSD and PSA. Databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched from inception to July 21, 2016.

The clinical course and interrelations of dementia related symptoms.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACTBackground:Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome that interferes with multiple aspects of life, including cognition, daily functioning, and behavior. Despite the large heterogeneity in symptom development, these three domains are seldom studied simultaneously. This study investigates how trajectories of these domains are interrelated within individuals over time, and how they in turn are related to dementia severity and quality of life (QoL).

Gait Speed and Grip Strength Reflect Cognitive Impairment and Are Modestly Related to Incident Cognitive Decline in Memory Clinic Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Findings From the 4C Study.

Background: Prospective studies in the general population show that slow gait speed is associated with cognitive decline and clinical progression to dementia. However, longitudinal studies in memory clinic populations are mostly lacking. We aimed to study the association between gait speed and grip strength and cognitive functioning at baseline and cognitive decline over time in memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Diagnostic impact of [F]flutemetamol PET in early-onset dementia.

Background: Early-onset dementia patients often present with atypical clinical symptoms, hampering an accurate clinical diagnosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnostic impact of the amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [F]flutemetamol in early-onset dementia patients, in terms of change in (confidence in) diagnosis and patient management plan.

Methods: This prospective bi-center study included 211 patients suspected of early-onset dementia who visited a tertiary memory clinic.