Structural Changes in Thin Keratoconic Corneas Following Crosslinking with Hypotonic Riboflavin: Findings on Confocal Microscopy.

Purpose: To report structural changes observable in confocal microscopy (IVCM) in keratoconic corneas 400 μm treated with hypotonic riboflavin and collagen crosslinking (CXL).

Methods: Ten eyes of ten patients with progressive keratoconus and corneal thickness between 350 and 399 μm underwent CXL with hypotonic riboflavin. IVCM was performed preoperatively and at one month, three months, and six months after the procedure.

Comparison of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, Ultrasonic Pachymetry, and Scheimpflug Topography for Measuring Central Corneal Thickness.

Importance: In vivo confocal microscopy could be useful in cases of fungal or acanthamoeba keratitis to determine the depth of infectious elements, but its accuracy in determining corneal thickness relative to more traditional techniques has not been well characterized.

Observations: In this cross-sectional observational case series, central corneal thickness was determined by in vivo confocal microscopy, ultrasonic pachymetry, and Scheimpflug topography in 47 normal corneas and 23 keratoconic corneas from November 2014 to July 2015. Analyses undertaken from July 2015 to August 2015 showed that confocal microscopy overestimated the central corneal thickness in nonkeratoconic eyes, measuring on average 5 μm thicker (95% limits of agreement [LoA], 54-64) than ultrasonic pachymetry and 14 μm thicker (95% LoA, 47-76) than Scheimpflug topography.

Success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at various ages.

Purpose: To determine the success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in various age groups.

Methods: One hundred children (118 eyes) aged 4 to 48 months diagnosed with CNLDO were included and divided into 6 groups; group 1: infants 4-6 months of age, group 2: infants from 7 to 12 months, group 3: toddlers 13-18 months of age, group 4: older toddlers 19-24 months old, group 5: children from 25 to 36 months, and group 6: children 37-48 months of age. Probing was performed under general anesthesia in all subjects.

Causes of subnormal vision in patients following cataract surgery at a tertiary hospital in Kashmir.

Cataract surgery is aimed at restoring sight to near normal vision. This study, conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, is an attempt to determine the causes of subnormal vision in patients following cataract surgery at a tertiary hospital in Kashmir. One hundred patients who underwent cataract surgery with an unaided visual acuity of <6/9 at 16 weeks postoperatively were included in the study.

Outcome of phacoemulsification in patients with and without Pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Kashmir.

Background: The aim of the study is to compare the outcome of phacoemulsification in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Kashmir.

Methods: 200 patients were prospectively evaluated and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 100 cases with pseudoexfoliation and Group 2 (control) 100 cases without pseudoexfoliation.

ADHD presenting as recurrent epistaxis: a case report.

Epistaxis is an important otorhinolaryngological emergency, which usually has an apparent etiology, frequently local trauma in children. Here we present a case report wherein the epistaxis was recalcitrant, and proved to have a psychiatric disorder as an underlying basis. The child was diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, hyperactive type, which led to trauma to nasal mucosa due to frequent and uncontrolled nose picking.