Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in both diseases. We previously detected mitochondrial DNA copy number (MtDNA-CN) changes in human parietal cortex that differed between diabetic AD and non-diabetic AD. We hypothesize that MtDNA-CN changes may be indicative of different underlying mechanisms.

Oxidative stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): How does the animal model resemble human disease?

Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is still not completely understood. Based on the evidence from preclinical models, one of the factors proposed as a main driver of disease development is oxidative stress. This study aimed to search for the resemblance between the profiles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in the animal model of MASLD and the group of MASLD patients.

Ethyl ferulate, a lipophilic phenylpropanoid, prevents diabetes-associated renal injury in rats by amelioration of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

Diabetic nephropathy affects approximately 20%-40% of diabetes patients worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Oxidative stress has been identified as a major causative factor in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy; Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation protects the body against oxidative stress by induction of antioxidant enzymes. The renoprotective effect of ethyl ferulate was investigated in diabetes-induced renal injury.

Standardization of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy models in rats: Assessment and characterization of metabolic features and renal injury.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as nephropathy, represent a global burden. Recent research focuses on developing drugs that specifically target the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy rather than merely treating hyperglycemia. Rodent models of animal disease are integral in drug discovery and represent an obligatory regulatory requirement.

Vasant Kusmakar Ras, an ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation prevents the development of diabetic retinopathy in rats.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a slow progressing complication of diabetes mellitus with multifactorial aetiology affecting approximately 80% of diabetics worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemic milieu of Diabetes induces biochemical changes which contribute to the pathogenesis of Diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: The present study examined the protective effect of Vasant Kusumakar Ras, an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation, in diabetic retinopathy.

Mechanistic evaluation of Ursolic acid against rotenone induced Parkinson's disease- emphasizing the role of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated, progressive and a second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is caused due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Various studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, altered degradation of misfolded proteins in PD pathogenesis.

Neuroprotective Effect of Coumarin Nasal Formulation: Kindling Model Assessment of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by sudden recurrent seizures. Considering the fact that epileptogenesis is a process that affects the quality of life, our goal is to delay the process of epileptogenesis and to increase the latency of epileptic attacks, offering better quality of life to patients. Traditional system of medicines has a promise in some of the medicines, which have been used for the treatment of epilepsy.

Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: Pharmacological Interventions through Natural Products.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic condition with deleterious effects on microcirculation, resulting in diabetic complications. Chronic hyperglycemia induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the key pathological triggers in the development of diabetic complications. ROS are responsible for the activation of various pathways involved in the genesis of diabetic complications, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as insulin resistance.

Thymol, a monoterpene, inhibits aldose reductase and high-glucose-induced cataract on isolated goat lens.

Background: Overactivation of aldose reductase (AR) enzyme has been implicated in the development of various diabetic complications. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of thymol was investigated on AR enzyme and its anti-cataract activity was also examined on isolated goat lens.

Materials And Methods: Various concentrations of thymol were incubated with AR enzyme prepared from isolated goat lens.

Renoprotective effect of diosgenin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder associated with genesis of diabetes related vascular diseases. Oxidative stress along with inflammation is the major causative factor leading to diabetic complications. The present study examined the protective effect of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, in diabetes induced early kidney injury.