Approach to fever in children.

Background: Fever in children is one of the most common reasons for outpatient visits as well as in-patient evaluation, often causing anxiety among parents and caregivers. Fever can be a standalone feature or be associated with other localising symptoms and signs like rash, lymphadenopathy, or any other organ system involvement with or without a focus of infection. The etiologies of fever vary depending on the clinical setting and epidemiology.

Genetic Studies in Infants with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Series.

Information on the genetic profile of congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) from India is scarce. The management of CNS is largely supportive of the setting of developing countries, mainly via the administration of intravenous albumin infusions, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and levothyroxine. Inadequate infrastructure and management facilities, including genetic analyses, further hamper the outcome.

Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio for Predicting Coronary Artery Lesions in Children With Kawasaki Disease.

Background: Coronary artery lesions (CAL) are a specific feature of Kawasaki disease (KD), and develop during the second week of illness. This study was conducted to determine whether Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), assessed between the fourth and sixth day of fever onset in children with KD, can predict coronary artery lesion (CAL) development.

Methods: In this review of hospital records, data of patients with KD admitted at our center between January, 2016 and January, 2020 was retrieved.

Paradoxical upgrading reaction following treatment of disseminated tuberculosis-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an infant without HIV: a case report and review of the literature.

Tuberculosis-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is rare in paediatrics and can be fatal if not recognised and treated on time. A 3-month-old infant with tuberculosis and HLH is described. He was successfully treated with anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) which comprised isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin and dexamethasone (10 mg/m/day).

Etiology, Comorbidities, and Rate of Progression of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the etiology of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), assess comorbidities, and identify rate of progression of CKD and its risk factors.

Methods: Children aged 2-18 y with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) CKD stages 2-4 were enrolled. The etiology of CKD and its comorbidities were recorded.

Assessment of neurological sequelae and new-onset symptoms in the long-term follow-up of paediatric Guillain-Barre syndrome: A longitudinal study from India.

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the commonest cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. There is a paucity of studies that assess the long-term outcome of paediatric GBS.

Aim: To assess the frequency of neurological sequelae and the new-onset symptoms in the long-term follow-up of paediatric GBS and to identify the risk factors associated with them.

A rare cause of stroke in young children: minor head trauma associated with mineralising lenticulostriate angiopathy in three patients.

Acute basal ganglia infarct following minor head trauma in association with mineralisation of lenticulostriate arteries is an increasingly recognised entity in childhood stroke. Three cases with a classical history and phenotypical features of mineralising angiopathy are described. Case 1 was a 2-year-old girl who presented with acute onset hemiparesis with a same-side upper motor neuron (UMN)-type facial palsy following minor head trauma.

Recurrent Skin Ulcers with Facial Dysmorphism and Sinopulmonary Infections: Thinking Beyond Hyper-IgE Syndrome.

Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare inborn error of metabolism causing ulcers and other skin disorders, splenomegaly, developmental delay, and recurrent infections. Most of the literature is constituted of isolated case reports. It occurs due to the mutations in the prolidase gene ( ) that result in loss of prolidase activity.