SGLT2 inhibition: a novel prospective strategy in treatment of diabetes mellitus.

The role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis and the potential of the kidney as a therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes is little appreciated. Hyperglycemia is an important pathogenic component in the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of renal tubular glucose re-absorption that leads to glycosuria has been proposed as a new mechanism to attain normoglycemia and thus prevent and diminish these complications, thus representing an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hyperglycemia and/or obesity in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose and energy loss through the urine.

Perspective in chronic kidney disease: targeting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as potential therapeutic approach.

Tissue hypoxia is a pathologic feature of many human diseases like cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, and kidney disease. Convincing data from clinical studies in patients with chronic renal failure point to chronic hypoxia of kidneys as the end result of multiple processes and mechanisms. In acute as well as chronic diseases, tissue hypoxia not only implies a risk of energy deprivation but also induces regulatory mechanisms with profound influence on gene expression.

Aqueous extract of Annona squamosa (L.) ameliorates renal failure induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in rat.

Objective: To assess the renoprotective activity of the water extract of Annona squamosa in 5/6 nephrectomized animals.

Materials And Methods: For evaluating the renoprotective effects of Annona squamosa, 5/6 nephrectomized rats were used as a model for renal failure. The effects of hot-water extract of leaves of Annona squamosa L.

Hydroxyl radical mediates the augmented angiotensin II responses in thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Aim: To investigate the role of hydroxyl radical in augmented angiotensin II (Ang II) responses in the thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods: To elucidate the role of hydroxyl radical, we used edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) as a tool for our study. The vascular responses to Ang II (10(-10) to 10(-6) mol/l), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP; 10(-6) to 10(-2) mol/l) and H(2)O(2) (10(-6) to 10(-2) mol/l) were constructed in aortic preparations obtained from control (WKY) and SHR in the absence and presence of edaravone.