Clinicopathological features and androgen receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer at Lagos, Nigeria.

Introduction: Androgen receptor (AR) is one of the predominant nuclear hormone receptors in invasive breast cancer and can be explored as a biomarker of response for targeted anti-androgen therapy, especially in the setting of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Luminal AR is a distinct subtype amongst TNBC cases following gene expression studies. TNBC is higher in Africans (23%-82%) and African-Americans (29.

Malignant Melanoma in Lagos, Nigeria: Elucidating Histopathologic Prognostic Factors.

Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal of all cutaneous malignancies, accounting for about 79% of skin cancer related deaths. In blacks, it is associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared to Caucasians. Breslow thickness and ulceration status are two of the most important histopathologic prognostic factors in MM.

Primary vaginal leiomyosarcoma: case report of a rare gynaecological malignancy and diagnostic challenge in a resource-constraint setting.

Primary vaginal leiomyosarcoma (VLMS) is an extremely rare variant of primary vaginal cancers with very poor prognosis irrespective of the stage at presentation and the type of treatment received. It is easily recurrent and has a high propensity for haematogenous spread especially to the lungs. We present the case of a 34-year-old Para 1 + 1 (1 alive) woman with recurrent vaginal mass of 8 years duration after two surgical excisions without histological evaluation.

Review of immunohistochemical typing of endometrial carcinoma at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Background: Categorization of endometrial carcinomas as type I and II provides useful insights into their different risk factors, pathogenesis and biologic behaviours.

Aim: To determine the immunohistochemical classifications of endometrial carcinomas in Nigerian women.

Design: A retrospective review of histopathologic slides of cases of endometrial carcinomas seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) over a 5-year period.

Primary vaginal adenocarcinoma of intestinal-type: case report of a rare gynaecological tumour.

Vaginal cancer is rare and accounts for only 1 to 2% of all gynaecological malignancies. They arise as primary squamous cell cancers or are the result of extension from the cervix or vulva. Primary mucinous vaginal adenocarcinoma of intestinal-type is an extremely rare malignancy of unknown histogenesis with a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician and histopathologist.

Kaiso is highly expressed in TNBC tissues of women of African ancestry compared to Caucasian women.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is most prevalent in young women of African ancestry (WAA) compared to women of other ethnicities. Recent studies found a correlation between high expression of the transcription factor Kaiso, TNBC aggressiveness, and ethnicity. However, little is known about Kaiso expression and localization patterns in TNBC tissues of WAA.

Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of Ku 70/80 expression in Nigerian breast cancer and its potential therapeutic implications.

Ku 70/80 is a regulator of the Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) roles in clinicopathological features, and has prognostic significance in breast cancer (BC) in Caucasian populations. However, its significance in the Nigerian BC population, which is characterized by a higher rate of the triple-negative and basal phenotype, p53 mutation rate and BRCA1 deficiency, still needs to be investigated. We hypothesize that Ku70/80 expression shows adverse expression in Nigerian BC and, furthermore, that it is likely to have a therapeutic implication for Black BC management.

Tumour cell membrane laminin expression is associated with basal-like phenotype and poor survival in Nigerian breast cancer.

Introduction: Laminin is a glycoprotein with diverse functions in carcinogenesis including cell proliferation, invasion, metastases and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In breast cancer (BC) laminin expression is speculated to be associated with unfavourable clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. We hypothesize that laminin expression would contributed to the aggressive nature of basal like and triple negative BC phenotype observed in Black women.

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in South-Eastern Nigeria; A 15 Years Histopathologic Review (2000-2014).

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has brought about a resurgence in tuberculosis (TB), especially in developing countries. Previous studies on TB lymphadenitis (TBLN) in South-Eastern Nigeria were done before the advent of the HIV pandemic making a review pertinent.

Aim: To evaluate the role of TBLN as a cause of superficial lymphadenopathy in the post-HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) era of South-Eastern Nigeria.

Correlation between Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histology for Palpable Breast Masses in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution.

Background. Management of breast lumps can be challenging in resource poor settings. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) especially when used with cell block can help improve affordability for the patients.

Developing National Cancer Registration in Developing Countries - Case Study of the Nigerian National System of Cancer Registries.

The epidemiological transition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has given rise to a concomitant increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases including cancers. Worldwide, cancer registries have been shown to be critical for the determination of cancer burden, conduct of research, and in the planning and implementation of cancer control measures. Cancer registration though vital is often neglected in SSA owing to competing demands for resources for healthcare.

Molecular profiling of breast cancer in Nigerian women identifies an altered p53 pathway as a major mechanism underlying its poor prognosis compared with British counterpart.

Background: Advances in breast cancer (BC) research have demonstrated differences between black and white women with regarding tumour behaviour, patient outcome and response to treatment which can be explained by underlying genetic changes. The tumour suppressor gene p53 has been speculated to be involved in tumour biology of triple negative and/or basal -like BC and more commonly observed in black than caucasian women.

Materials And Methods: In this study, the protein expression of p53 was investigated in tissue samples from a series of 308 Nigerian women, prepared as a tissue microarray (TMA), using immunohistochemistry.

Vulva fibroadenoma associated with lactating adenoma in a 26-year-old nigerian female.

Background. Vulva lactating adenoma is rare and may be misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma in frozen section and aspiration cytology if breast tissue is not anticipated. Objective.

Cell Proliferation (KI-67) Expression Is Associated with Poorer Prognosis in Nigerian Compared to British Breast Cancer Women.

Background. Black women with breast cancer (BC) in Nigeria have higher mortality rate compared with British women. This study investigated prognostic features of cell proliferation biomarker (Ki-67) in Nigerian breast cancer women.

Accuracy of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node enlargements. Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Background: The usefulness of fine needle aspiration technique for cytology diagnosis of lymph node lesions has been a subject of controversy over years.

Objective: This study aims to determine the accuracy of this technique in the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node lesions, in our center, using histology diagnosis as a gold standard.

Methods: The cytopathological diagnosis of 49 cases of peripheral lymph node lesions seen in the Morbid Anatomy Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos from Jan.

Carcinoma of the penis: experience from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Carcinoma of penis is rare in countries where neonatal mate circumcision is the tradition and in Nigeria it is a common practice amongst almost all the tribes.

Objective: This is to document the prevalence, age distribution, site and histologic types of penile carcinoma at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba over a 20 year period.

Methods: Cases of the penile carcinoma recorded in the surgical pathology register of the Department of Morbid Anatomy, the Cancer Registry and the Medical Records Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a twenty year period were reviewed.

Pattern of lymph node pathology in Lagos.

Background: Enlarge lymph node is a common finding in clinical practice, which can be caused by several factors, such as infections, drugs etc.

Objective: To review the pathology of lymph node diseases in children and adults with both deep seated and peripheral lymphadenopathy in Lagos.

Methods: A 12- year retrospective study of lymph node biopsies at Histopathology Department of LUTH, and two main histopathology private laboratories in Lagos; The specialist Laboratory (TSL) and Histolab was carried out.

The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle aspirational cytology in the diagnosis of oro-facial neoplasms at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of fine needle aspirational cytology (FNAC) with open surgical biopsy in the diagnosis of orofacial tumours in patients seen at the Dental Centre of Lagos University Teaching Hospital from May 2005-May 2006.

Patients And Methods: Fine needle aspiration was performed on all patients scheduled for open surgical biopsy at the Oral and Maxillofacial clinic of the hospital before the open surgical biopsy was done. Forty six patients whose final histological diagnoses were oro-facial neoplasms were involved in this study.

Morphological pattern of childhood solid tumours in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Background: There is a wide variation in the incidence of childhood tumors world wide. The relative incidence of childhood tumors in developing countries is increasing and might add significantly to the high childhood morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. There is need to determine the incidence of childhood cancer in different centers of the country and contribute to the National cancer register.

Histopathological study of soft tissue malignancies in a teaching hospital, Sagamu, South-West Nigeria.

Background: Soft tissue malignancies constituted a heterogeneous group of rare solid tumors of mesenchymal cell origin with distinct clinical and pathological features.

Objectives: To review all the histologically confirmed soft tissue malignancies, with their age, sex distribution, and histological characteristics in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria.

Methods: A review of all the medical and pathological records and slides of histopathologically diagnosed soft tissue malignancy cases seen between January 2003 and December 2006.

Bladder cancer in Lagos: a 15 year histopathologic review.

Objective: To present a 15 year retrospective pathologic study of bladder cancers. The aim is to document histologic pattern, prevalence, sex and age distribution of urinary bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: The materials consisted of slides, paraffin embedded tissue blocks and histology request forms of all urinary bladder biopsies received at the Morbid Anatomy department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos from 1991 to 2005.

The use of drains in thyroid surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the necessity and benefits of the use of drains and their limitations in thyroidectomy and assess their relationship with cost of surgery and hospital stay.

Methods: We conducted a prospective randomised study on 67 patients divided into two groups. A consisted of 35 patients with drain and B, 32 patients without drain between January 2005 and June 2007.

Autopsy as a tool in the prevention of maternal mortality.

Maternal mortality rates are an index of the state of a nation's health system. Maternal autopsies help to determine these rates, provide information on avoidable/unavoidable causes of mortality, consequently leading to the development of strategies for treatment and prevention of maternal mortality and morbidity. The lesson from post-mortem examinations, using the vehicle of confidential enquiries into maternal deaths, can save the lives of many; causing reduction in both maternal and perinatal mortality as well as reductions in morbidity.

Malignant gastrointestinal tumours in south western Nigeria: a histopathologic analysis of 713 cases.

Background: Malignant tumours of the gastro-intestinal tract are not as rare as previous studies suggest. Recent studies have indicated increasing incidence.

Objective: To document the pattern, age and sex distribution as well as histopathology characteristics of malignant tumours of the gastro-intestinal system in Lagos and Sagamu in Southwestern Nigeria.

Evaluation of the toxicity and reversibility profile of the aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum.) Hallier f. in rodents.

Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum.) Hallier f.