Publications by authors named "Aadhavi Sridharan"

Article Synopsis
  • Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related bradyarrhythmia syndrome is a rare condition causing heart rhythm issues during REM sleep, unrelated to sleep apnea.
  • A case study of a young man showed he experienced prolonged pauses in his heartbeat during sleep, with the longest pause reaching 12.5 seconds.
  • After assessing his heart rhythm over 14 days and finding mostly normal results, doctors opted for ongoing monitoring rather than immediate intervention like a pacemaker.
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  • Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the top causes of illness and death in the US, with ventricular arrhythmias (VA) being a serious cardiovascular complication related to cancer treatments.
  • Although advancements in cancer care have improved survival rates, the effects of these treatments on heart health, particularly relating to QRS and QTc prolongation, are not fully understood.
  • This review aims to explore how cancer therapies lead to VA and discusses strategies for their identification, prevention, and management to enhance patient care.
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  • * This area is encased by critical heart structures and contains a significant amount of fat that surrounds the coronary vessels.
  • * Treating heart rhythm issues like ventricular tachycardia in this region is complex, and understanding its anatomy requires detailed three-dimensional insights, illustrated through original images from a special collection.
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The autonomic nervous system functions in a fine-tuned manner to dynamically modulate cardiac function during normal physiological state. Autonomic dysregulation in cardiac disease states such as myocardial infarction and heart failure alters this fine balance, which in turn promotes disease progression and arrhythmogenesis. Neuromodulatory interventions that aim to restore this balance at distinct levels of the cardiac neuraxis thus have been shown to be effective in the treatment of arrhythmias.

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Background: Accurate assessment of right atrial pressure (RAP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is critical in the management of heart transplant recipients. The accuracy of echocardiography in estimating these pressures has been debated.

Objective: To assess the correlation and agreement between echocardiographic estimations of right heart pressures with those of respective invasive hemodynamic measurements by right heart catheterization (RHC) in adult heart transplant recipients.

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  • The study investigates the relationship between comorbid diseases and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
  • Among 2269 HCM patients, 75% had at least one comorbidity, with obesity being the most common, but overall, these comorbidities did not significantly affect AF or SCD risk.
  • The findings suggest that factors like age and left atrial size are more critical in predicting AF outcomes, while comorbidities like obesity do not independently contribute to the risk of AF or SCD in HCM patients.
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  • The effects of using morphine alongside P2Y12 inhibitors during primary PCI procedures are not fully understood.
  • There is a need for large-scale clinical trials to evaluate how this combination affects patients experiencing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
  • Current pharmacological data suggest that using morphine cautiously during primary PCI is advisable.
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  • A study evaluated the risk of sudden death (SD) in children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) and the effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in preventing lethal arrhythmias.
  • Out of 146 patients under 20 years old, 60 received ICDs, with a significant portion experiencing device therapy that restored normal heart rhythms after several years.
  • The research demonstrated that an enhanced risk stratification strategy based on individual risk markers had 100% sensitivity for predicting SD events and was effective in protecting high-risk young patients from serious heart complications.
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The rhesus macaque exhibits age-related brain changes similar to humans, making an excellent model of normal aging. Calorie restriction is a dietary intervention that reduces age-related comorbidities in short-lived animals, and its effects are still under study in rhesus macaques. Here, using deterministic fiber tracking method, we examined the effects of age and calorie restriction on a diffusion tensor imaging measure of white matter integrity, fractional anisotropy (FA), within white matter tracks traversing the anterior (genu) and posterior (splenium) corpus callosum in rhesus monkeys.

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While moderate calorie restriction (CR) in the absence of malnutrition has been consistently shown to have a systemic, beneficial effect against aging in several animals models, its effect on the brain microstructure in a non-human primate model remains to be studied using post-mortem histopathologic techniques. In the present study, we investigated differences in expression levels of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and β-amyloid plaque load in the hippocampus and the adjacent cortical areas of 7 Control (ad libitum)-fed and 6 CR male rhesus macaques using immunostaining methods. CR monkeys expressed significantly lower levels (∼30% on average) of GFAP than Controls in the CA region of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, suggesting a protective effect of CR in limiting astrogliosis.

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The aged rhesus macaque exhibits brain atrophy and behavioral deficits similar to normal aging in humans. Here we studied the association between cognitive and motor performance and anatomic and microstructural brain integrity measured with 3T magnetic resonance imaging in aged monkeys. About half of these animals were maintained on moderate calorie restriction (CR), the only intervention shown to delay the aging process in lower animals.

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Article Synopsis
  • Insulin signaling issues are linked to brain shrinkage in areas affected by neurodegenerative diseases, and it’s unclear if long-term calorie restriction (CR) can improve this through better insulin signaling or task performance.
  • * A study involving 27 CR and 17 control rhesus monkeys used MRI scans to investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity, brain volume, and performance on tasks.
  • * Results indicated that CR improved blood sugar regulation, and higher insulin sensitivity correlated with increased gray matter in certain brain regions, suggesting that CR could have a positive impact on brain health and motor task learning.
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