Subregional volumes of the hippocampus in relation to cognitive function and risk of dementia.

Background: Total hippocampal volume has been consistently linked to cognitive function and dementia. Yet, given its complex and parcellated internal structure, the role of subregions of the hippocampus in cognition and risk of dementia remains relatively underexplored. We studied subregions of the hippocampus in a large population-based cohort to further understand their role in cognitive impairment and dementia risk.

Periprocedural Antithrombotic Treatment During Acute Mechanical Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Background: More than one-third of the patients with ischemic stroke caused by an intracranial large vessel occlusion do not recover to functional independence despite fast and successful recanalization by acute mechanical thrombectomy (MT). This may partially be explained by incomplete microvascular reperfusion. Some antithrombotics, e.

Association of follow-up infarct volume with functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke: a pooled analysis of seven randomized trials.

Background: Follow-up infarct volume (FIV) has been recommended as an early indicator of treatment efficacy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Questions remain about the optimal imaging approach for FIV measurement.

Objective: To examine the association of FIV with 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and investigate its dependency on acquisition time and modality.

Connectivity dynamics in typical development and its relationship to autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder.

Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided significant insights into developmental trajectories of human brain function. Characterizations of typical neurodevelopment provide a framework for understanding altered neurodevelopment, including differences in brain function related to developmental disorders and psychopathology. Historically, most functional connectivity studies of typical and atypical development operate under the assumption that connectivity remains static over time.

Time to Endovascular Treatment and Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke: MR CLEAN Registry Results.

Background: Randomized, clinical trials in selected acute ischemic stroke patients reported that for every hour delay of endovascular treatment (EVT), chances of functional independence diminish by up to 3.4%. These findings may not be fully generalizable to clinical practice because of strict in- and exclusion criteria in these trials.

Metabolic profiling of intra- and extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis.

Background And Aims: Increasing evidence shows that intracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis may develop under the influence of a differential metabolic risk factor profile than atherosclerosis in the extracranial part of the carotid artery. To further elucidate these differences, we investigated associations of a wide range of circulating metabolites with intracranial and extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis.

Methods: From the population-based Rotterdam Study, blood samples from 1111 participants were used to determine a wide range of metabolites by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Air Pollution Exposure During Fetal Life, Brain Morphology, and Cognitive Function in School-Age Children.

Background: Air pollution exposure during fetal life has been related to impaired child neurodevelopment, but it is unclear if brain structural alterations underlie this association. The authors assessed whether air pollution exposure during fetal life alters brain morphology and whether these alterations mediate the association between air pollution exposure during fetal life and cognitive function in school-age children.

Methods: We used data from a population-based birth cohort set up in Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2002-2006).

Statin use is associated with carotid plaque composition: The Rotterdam Study.

Background: Statins represent a key treatment for cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the direct effects of statin treatment on the composition of atherosclerotic plaques remain elusive.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association of statin treatment with the presence of different plaque components located in the carotid arteries within a population-based setting.

Maximization of regional probabilities using Optimal Surface Graphs: Application to carotid artery segmentation in MRI.

Purpose: We present a segmentation method that maximizes regional probabilities enclosed by coupled surfaces using an Optimal Surface Graph (OSG) cut approach. This OSG cut determines the globally optimal solution given a graph constructed around an initial surface. While most methods for vessel wall segmentation only use edge information, we show that maximizing regional probabilities using an OSG improves the segmentation results.

Association of Reperfusion With Brain Edema in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Secondary Analysis of the MR CLEAN Trial.

Importance: It is uncertain whether therapeutic reperfusion with endovascular treatment yields more or less brain edema.

Objective: To elucidate the association between reperfusion and brain edema. The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether brain edema could partially be responsible for worse outcomes in patients with later reperfusion or lower Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score.

Associations Between Collateral Status and Thrombus Characteristics and Their Impact in Anterior Circulation Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Thrombus characteristics and collateral score are associated with functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It has been suggested that they affect each other. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between clot burden score, thrombus perviousness, and collateral score and to determine whether collateral score influences the association of thrombus characteristics with functional outcome.

Brain Volumes and Longitudinal Cognitive Change: A Population-based Study.

Objective: To investigate the association of brain volumes, white matter lesion (WML) volumes, and lacunes, with cognitive decline in a population-based cohort of nondemented persons.

Methods: Within the Rotterdam Study, 3624 participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cognition was evaluated at baseline (2005 to 2009) and at the follow-up visit (2011 to 2013).

Effect of general anaesthesia on functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke having endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Background: General anaesthesia (GA) during endovascular thrombectomy has been associated with worse patient outcomes in observational studies compared with patients treated without GA. We assessed functional outcome in ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel anterior circulation occlusion undergoing endovascular thrombectomy under GA, versus thrombectomy not under GA (with or without sedation) versus standard care (ie, no thrombectomy), stratified by the use of GA versus standard care.

Methods: For this meta-analysis, patient-level data were pooled from all patients included in randomised trials in PuMed published between Jan 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017, that compared endovascular thrombectomy predominantly done with stent retrievers with standard care in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke patients (HERMES Collaboration).

Thyroid Function and the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: The Rotterdam Study.

Rationale: Thyroid hormones have been linked with various proatherogenic and antiatherogenic processes. However, the relationship of thyroid function with manifestations of atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the association of thyroid function with atherosclerosis throughout its spectrum; that is, subclinical atherosclerosis, incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCV) events, and ASCV mortality.

Paediatric population neuroimaging and the Generation R Study: the second wave.

Paediatric population neuroimaging is an emerging field that falls at the intersection between developmental neuroscience and epidemiology. A key feature of population neuroimaging studies involves large-scale recruitment that is representative of the general population. One successful approach for population neuroimaging is to embed neuroimaging studies within large epidemiological cohorts.

Prevalence of Carotid Web in Patients with Acute Intracranial Stroke Due to Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion.

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of symptomatic carotid web in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to intracranial large vessel occlusion, to determine the clinical and imaging profile of patients with carotid web as well as their association with ischemic stroke, and to determine the interobserver agreement in the assessment of carotid webs. Materials and Methods All patients (n = 500) of the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) in whom the carotid bifurcation could be assessed (n = 443) were included. The presence of a carotid web at the carotid bifurcations was evaluated at computed tomographic (CT) angiography.

Workflow and factors associated with delay in the delivery of intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the MR CLEAN trial.

Objective: The effect of intra-arterial treatment (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke is highly time-dependent. We investigated the delay of IAT and factors associated with such delay.

Methods: MR CLEAN was a randomized trial of IAT plus usual care versus usual care alone (n=500).

Plain radiography in patients treated with intrathecal drug delivery using an implantable pump device.

Objectives: Intrathecal drug administration using an implanted pump system is well established in intractable spasticity and pain. However, despite continuous advancements in manufacturing technology, adverse events related to the pump and catheter still occur. Most of them, such as migration, damage, disconnection and occlusion, are related to the spinal catheter.

3D Fiber Orientation in Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques.

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary trigger of fatal cardiovascular events. Fibrillar collagen in atherosclerotic plaques and their directionality are anticipated to play a crucial role in plaque rupture. This study aimed assessing 3D fiber orientations and architecture in atherosclerotic plaques for the first time.

Tracking Brain Development and Dimensional Psychiatric Symptoms in Children: A Longitudinal Population-Based Neuroimaging Study.

Objective: Psychiatric symptomatology during childhood predicts persistent mental illness later in life. While neuroimaging methodologies are routinely applied cross-sectionally to the study of child and adolescent psychopathology, the nature of the relationship between childhood symptoms and the underlying neurodevelopmental processes remains unclear. The authors used a prospective population-based cohort to delineate the longitudinal relationship between childhood psychiatric problems and brain development.