Patient preference for oral or intravenous chemotherapy: a randomised cross-over trial comparing capecitabine and Nordic fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with colorectal cancer.

Until recently, fluorouracil (F) and leucovorin (L) had been considered the standard therapy for patients with colorectal cancer. However, several studies have shown that oral therapy with UFT/L or capecitabine is as effective as intravenous (i.v.

Dual modulation of UFT with leucovorin and hydroxyurea in metastatic colorectal cancer.

The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of dual modulation of UFT with leucovorin and hydroxyurea in a phase II trial of metastatic colorectal cancer. A total of 77 patients with measurable disease were included. UFT (300 mg/m2) was given with a fixed dose of 1-leucovorin (22.

Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: four systematic meta-analyses of individual patient data from 37 randomized trials. Advanced Ovarian Cancer Trialists' Group.

The purpose of this systematic study was to provide an up to date and reliable quantitative summary of the relative benefits of various types of chemotherapy (non-platinum vs platinum, single-agent vs combination and carboplatin vs cisplatin) in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Also, to investigate whether well-defined patient subgroups benefit more or less from cisplatin- or carboplatin-based therapy. Meta-analyses were based on updated individual patient data from all available randomized controlled trials (published and unpublished), including 37 trials, 5667 patients and 4664 deaths.

Clonal dominance between subpopulations of mixed small cell lung cancer xenografts implanted ectopically in nude mice.

Clonal evolution of neoplastic cells during solid tumour growth leads to the emergence of new tumour cell subpopulations with diverging phenotypic characteristics which may alter the behaviour of a malignant disease. Cellular interaction was studied in mixed xenografts in nude mice and during in vitro growth of two sets of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subpopulations (54A, 54B and NYH, NYH2). The tumour cell lines differed in cellular DNA content enabling flow cytometric DNA analysis (FCM) to be used to monitor changes in the fractional composition of the mixed cell populations.

Low-dose chemotherapy delays relapse of a dominated and resistant sub-population in a heterogeneous human SCLC xenograft in nude mice.

We investigated the influence of cellular heterogeneity on the response to low-dose BCNU chemotherapy of an artificially mixed human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) xenograft in nude mice containing a BCNU-sensitive and dominating sub-population and a BCNU-resistant and undetectable (dominated) sub-population. The cell lines differed in DNA content, making them distinguishable by DNA flow cytometry (FCM). After 3 weeks of tumor growth, the mice were stratified according to tumor size and randomized to 2 different low-dose treatments with BCNU or no treatment.

Interaction between three subpopulations of Ehrlich carcinoma in mixed solid tumours in nude mice: evidence of contact domination.

Clonal interaction between three subpopulations of Ehrlich carcinoma were studied during growth as mixed solid tumours and as ascites tumours in immune-incompetent nude NMRI mice. The tumour cell lines differed in DNA content as determined by DNA flow cytometry (FCM). Tumour growth was evaluated by tumour growth curves including calculation of tumour volume doubling times, tumour weight on day 14, cell cycle times (per cent labelled mitoses) and cell cycle distributions (FCM).

A dominated and resistant subpopulation causes regrowth after response to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea treatment of a heterogeneous small cell lung cancer xenograft in nude mice.

In order to address the question of the influence of a primarily chemoresistant tumor cell subpopulation on the progression of a heterogeneous tumor after cytotoxic therapy, in vitro established human small cell lung cancer cell lines of a 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-sensitive (592) and a resistant (NYH) tumor were used to produce mixed solid tumors in nude mice. Mixtures of 592/NYH (9:1 and 1:1) were inoculated s.c.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the indoloquinone EO-9 (NSC 382 459) against human small cell carcinoma of the lung.

As the indoloquinone EO-9 has previously shown activity in several tumor model systems it was evaluated against four human small cell lung cancer cell lines by the clonogenic assay. In two cell lines (Nyh and Tol), exponential dose-response curves were achieved with both 1 h and continuous exposure, whereas no cell kill was obtained in the other two cell lines (69 and 592) when tested with 1 h incubation up to 0.25 microgram/ml.

Interactions between three subpopulations of Ehrlich ascites tumor and a P388 murine leukemia in mixed solid tumors in immune competent mice.

Cellular interactions between three subpopulations of Ehrlich ascites tumor and between these and the P388 murine leukemia were studied during growth of solid tumors obtained by mixtures of the cells in immune competent N/D mice. An immunogenic Ehrlich cell line (E1.15) induced an immunologically based growth inhibition of the two other Ehrlich cell lines (E1.

High-dose ketoconazole to untreated stage D prostate cancer.

Eleven previously untreated patients with stage D prostate cancer were treated with ketoconazole in a dosage of 400 mg p.o. every 8 h.

Interaction among two subpopulations of Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo: evidence of a contact mediated immune response.

Clonal interaction among two subpopulations of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was studied during in vivo growth in immune competent N/D mice in which the cell lines had been propagated for several years as ascites tumors. A growth inhibitory interaction by a subcutaneously slow growing subpopulation (E1.15) on a fast growing subpopulation (E1.

Chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the lung (WHO III): A randomized study of vindesine versus lomustine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate versus all four drugs.

Two hundred seventy-nine patients with previously untreated nonresectable adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) entered a prospective randomized trial, comparing vindesine (VDS) to a combination of lomustine (CCNU), cyclophosphamide (CTX), and methotrexate (MTX), and to a regimen including all four drugs. Response assessment was possible in 218 patients, while 259 were evaluable for survival. Response rates were similar (22%, 23%, and 27%, respectively) as were median durations of response (15 weeks overall) and survival (29 weeks overall).

Prostate cancer: evaluation of response to treatment, response criteria, and the need for standardization of the reporting of results.

Response criteria and the reporting of results in clinical trials on drug therapy of stage D prostate cancer were evaluated by examination of studies listed in the Index Medicus 1980-1984. During this 5-year period, 70 studies (51 phase II and 16 phase III) were listed, comprising 3184 evaluable patients. Among 346 patients reported as having evaluable disease according to the WHO criteria, 198 had well-defined evaluable disease.

Central nervous system complications by malignant lymphomas: radiation schedule and treatment results.

During a 10-year period, 28 patients with spinal cord compression due to epidural malignant lymphoma and 47 patients with cerebral involvement of lymphoma were treated with radiation at our institution. Fifty-four percent of the patients with spinal cord compression had this complication at the time of initial presentation of the disease, whereas only 4% with cerebral involvement presented with CNS symptoms. Only one patient had primary lymphoma solely located in the brain.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alkaline phosphatase in progressive colorectal cancer with special reference to patient survival.

The prognostic value of serial CEA tests was evaluated in 175 consecutive patients with progressive colorectal cancer who subsequently died of their disease. The upper normal plasma CEA limit was determined to be 8 ng/ml from serial CEA determinations in 31 patients radically operated on for colorectal cancer and observed in median 40 months without evidence of recurrence. A CEA value of greater than 8 ng/ml was highly suggestive of residual disease or recurrence, even when no clinical evidence was present.

Clinical and non-invasive assessment of anthracycline cardiotoxicity: perspectives on myocardial protection.

A series of 38 patients with solid tumours (N=29) and haematological malignancies (N=9) and with suspicion of cardiotoxicity (CTX) due to antineoplastic drugs was studied. The series comprised 22 females and 16 males (mean age 52 years). The patients were examined clinically by ECG, chest X-ray and echocardiography.

Lung abscess in small cell carcinoma of the lung during chemotherapy and corticosteroids: an analysis of 276 consecutive patients.

Two hundred and seventy-six consecutive patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) treated with combination chemotherapy and in 79 cases with "high-dose" steroids (greater than 40 mg of prednisone per day) were reviewed for the presence of lung abscess. This was diagnosed in 17 patients, in 4 (1.5%) at the time of their malignant diagnosis and 13 (4.