Effects of treatment on fertility in long-term survivors of childhood or adolescent cancer.

In a retrospective cohort study of survivors of cancer and of controls, we estimated the risk of infertility after treatment for cancer during childhood or adolescence. We interviewed 2283 long-term survivors of childhood or adolescent cancer diagnosed in the period from 1945 through 1975, who were identified at five cancer centers in the United States. Requirements for admission to the study were diagnosis before the age of 20, survival for at least five years, and attainment of the age of 21.

Cancer in offspring of long-term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer.

A multicentre retrospective cohort study of long-term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer identified 7 cases of cancer among 2308 offspring (0.30%) of 2283 case-survivors and 11 cases among 4719 offspring (0.23%) of 3604 controls.

Changing cigarette habits and bladder cancer risk: a case-control study.

With the use of data from the 8,764 subjects in the National Bladder Cancer Study, the separate contribution of various aspects of a person's cigarette smoking history to his increased risk of bladder cancer was estimated. These estimates have not been previously available, owing to the smaller sizes of earlier studies. Our data indicated that people who have only smoked unfiltered cigarettes have higher risks than those who have only smoked filtered cigarettes but that people who have switched from unfiltered to filtered have experienced no reduction in risk.

Inhibition of d-tubocurarine-induced histamine release by halothane.

To determine whether anesthetics modify mediator release, the authors measured the amount of histamine released by d-tubocurarine (dTC) in human foreskin preparations in the presence of high (2.0%) and low (0.5%) halothane concentrations and nitrous oxide (10%).

Elevated mononuclear leukocyte phosphodiesterase in allergic dogs with and without airway hyperresponsiveness.

To investigate if mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness of Basenji greyhound (BG) dogs is associated with atopy or nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness, we examined the relationship between mononuclear leukocyte cAMP phosphodiesterase levels, airway responsiveness to methacholine, and intradermal allergen responses in 17 BG dogs, five unrelated purebred Basenjis, and five greyhounds. BG dogs were hyperresponsive to aerosols of methacholine compared to Basenjis and greyhounds. Both BG dogs and Basenjis were allergic and had increased leukocyte cAMP phosphodiesterase activity compared to greyhounds.

Ventilation skills of emergency medical technicians: A teaching challenge for emergency medicine.

We assessed the ability of 64 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to ventilate a resuscitation manikin with a bag valve mask and with a pocket face mask to determine if their skill levels met the American Heart Association standard of 12 ventilations per minute, each with a tidal volume of 800 mL or more. All ventilation attempts were made during ongoing chest compressions (60 per minute). A successful ventilation was defined as a tidal volume of 800 mL +/- 40 mL.

Prospective randomised trial of single and multifraction radiotherapy schedules in the treatment of painful bony metastases.

A prospective randomised trial comparing a single fraction of 8 Gy with 30 Gy in 10 daily fractions for the relief of metastatic bone pain was performed. In 28 months, 288 patients were randomised. Pain was assessed using a questionnaire completed by the patient at home on a daily basis.

Carotid endarterectomy for cerebrovascular insufficiency: long-term results in 592 patients followed up to thirteen years.

Seven hundred forty-eight carotid endarterectomies were performed on 592 patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency during a 13-year period. Overall operative procedure mortality was 2.7%.

Comparison of drug responses in vivo and in vitro in airways of dogs with and without airway hyperresponsiveness.

Basenji-greyhound (BG) dogs demonstrate marked nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness. To assess the possible contribution of an abnormal sensitivity of airway smooth muscle to this phenomenon, we studied the in vitro contractile responses to methacholine and histamine and the relaxant response to isoproterenol in trachealis muscle from five BG dogs with airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo and from five greyhound dogs that served as a control population. Isoproterenol responses were determined against a half-maximal methacholine contraction.

Increased metachromatic cells and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with airway hyperreactivity.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 11 basenji greyhound (BG) dogs, which showed persistent airway hyperreactivity to methacholine and citric acid aerosols, and in 15 non-BG dogs, which were significantly less reactive to these challenges. Five of the BG dogs had never received any aerosols prior to BAL, and 3 of the non-BG dogs were allergic to Ascaris suum. No dog received aerosols for 2 wk prior to BAL.

Reproductive capacity of male laboratory rats.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the reproductive capacity (i.e., the ability to successfully transfer an ejaculate and induce a progestational response in the female) of male laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Possible influence of strain differences on pregnancy initiation in laboratory rats.

Recent research in this laboratory has failed to replicate previous findings that the first ejaculatory series of the male is sufficient to induce a high incidence of pregnancy in female laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). The incidence of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in albino and hooded females were compared in a standard experimental paradigm. Eight percent of Sprague-Dawley albino females exhibited a progestational response, while 45% of the Long-Evans hooded females became progestational.

Columellar tympanoplasty.

This article discusses the problem that ossicular reconstruction presents when the malleus handle has been destroyed and a columella must be used. The technical problems and failures of the past twenty-five years are exposed in an effort to glean the lessons of this experience. A comparison of three types of columella currently used--bone, ceramic, and polyethylene--is presented.

Enrichment of dog leukocyte subpopulations using density gradients.

Density gradient methods have been used for the enrichment of leukocyte subpopulations from human blood. We have adapted a three step method utilizing centrifugation on Hypaque-Ficoll (HF), double density HF (ddHF) and Percoll density gradients to separate lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils from dog blood. After HF separation, both Basenji-Greyhound (BG) and mongrel dogs had similar percentages of lymphocytes and monocytes, but BG dogs had significantly greater (p greater than 0.

Brainstem death.

A patient with the clinical picture of brain death resulting from brainstem hemorrhage and subsequent infarction is presented. The EEG showed activity similar to what has been described in the cerveau isolé animal preparations. Cortical evoked potentials were unobtainable from auditory or somatosensory stimulation, but of unusually high amplitude to flash stimuli.

Cancer incidence among employees of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1969-1980.

The cancer incidence from 1969 through 1980 among active members of an occupational cohort (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL] was compared with that of the same-age sector of the total population of the San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Excesses were found for malignant melanoma of the skin and salivary gland tumors and a deficit for lung cancer in men. No excesses were noted for radiosensitive tissue groups.

Phase II study of aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ: NSC-182986) in the treatment of malignant gliomas recurrent after radiation. Preliminary report.

Seventeen patients with malignant gliomas recurrent after chemotherapy and/or radiation failure were treated with aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) at a dose of 20-15 mg/M2 weekly for four weeks followed by a two week rest. Regression of disease was observed in four patients, 4/17 (24%) for 35, 15+, 40+, and 10 weeks. Toxicity was limited to moderate reversible myelosuppression.

Endolymphatic fistulization.

Three previous papers have detailed my experience with various methods of surgical treatment of Meniere's disease: 1) surgery for all patients; 2) surgery for only those patients who demonstrated patency of the vestibular aqueduct as seen on tomographic examination; and 3) prognostic tests to determine which patients were most suitable for endolymphatic sac surgery. This paper details the results of endolymphatic shunt surgery performed on 43 patients over a 3-year period, restudying my prior conclusions. All patients were operated using a new method of capillary endolymph dispersement regardless of tomographic findings.