Association of the rs3856806 Polymorphism in the PPARG Gene with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of 11,811 Individuals.

This study investigated the role of the rs3856806 single nucleotide variant (SNV) on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by conducting a meta-analysis. Relevant studies were searched in PubMed and were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and subjected to analysis using Review Manager 5.

Understanding COVID-19 preventive behavior: An application of the health belief model in the Philippine setting.

Background: With the Philippines emerging as the hotspot in the Western Pacific Region for the COVID-19 cases, the study aimed to understand the COVID-19 preventive behavior of Filipinos using the health belief model (HBM).

Materials And Methods: The cross-sectional study included 304 respondents recruited for the whole month of July 2020 through various social media platforms. Participants were requested to answer an online questionnaire, and results were analyzed using SPSS software.

Serum cystatin C as an early marker of nephropathy among type 2 diabetics: A meta-analysis.

Aim: The varying views as to the usefulness of serum cystatin C (CysC) as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN) prompted us to investigate existing literature to determine whether serum CysC can be used as an early marker of DN using a meta-analysis approach.

Materials And Methods: Twelve studies written in English were retrieved from PubMed using various key search terms. Data were extracted from the included studies by two of the authors and was subjected to statistical analysis using Review Manager 5.

Estimation of salivary glucose, amylase, calcium, and phosphorus among non-diabetics and diabetics: Potential identification of non-invasive diagnostic markers.

Aims: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) continues to burden millions of people worldwide. Early detection and effective diagnosis of DM are essential key strategies to reduce the impeding incidence of the disease and its complications. Thus, this study determined the potential utility of salivary glucose, amylase, calcium, and phosphorus as non-invasive diagnostic markers of DM.

Phenotypic evaluation of ESBL- and carbapenemaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from a teaching hospital in the Philippines.

Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide public health concern. Rise in the number of antimicrobial resistant organisms, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, continue to burden millions of people worldwide. E.

Salivary glucose as a non-invasive biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the number of new and undiagnosed cases continue to rise. Diagnosis of diabetes is usually performed by blood glucose analysis after fasting for a certain period. However, this method uses an invasive technique that can cause discomfort and even trauma to some patients which could eventually lead to behavioral changes such as avoidance of healthcare and laboratory testing.

Association of maternal iron deficiency anemia with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association of maternal iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Literature search was conducted in various database websites such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to 17 June 2018 for related publications written in English. Selected data were extracted from the included studies and were subjected to statistical analysis.

Enantioselective organocatalytic alkylation of aldehydes and enals driven by the direct photoexcitation of enamines.

Disclosed herein is a photo-organocatalytic enantioselective α- and γ-alkylation of aldehydes and enals, respectively, with bromomalonates. The chemistry uses a commercially available aminocatalyst and occurs under illumination by a fluorescent light bulb in the absence of any external photoredox catalyst. Mechanistic investigations reveal the previously hidden ability of transiently generated enamines to directly reach an electronically excited state upon light absorption while successively triggering the formation of reactive radical species from the organic halides.

Photo-organocatalysis of atom-transfer radical additions to alkenes.

We have found that an organic molecule as simple as p-anisaldehyde efficiently catalyzes the intermolecular atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) of a variety of haloalkanes onto olefins, one of the fundamental carbon-carbon bond-forming transformations in organic chemistry. The reaction requires exceptionally mild reaction conditions to proceed, as it occurs at ambient temperature and under illumination by a readily available fluorescent light bulb. Initial investigations support a mechanism whereby the aldehydic catalyst photochemically generates the reactive radical species by sensitization of the organic halides by an energy-transfer pathway.

Photochemical activity of a key donor-acceptor complex can drive stereoselective catalytic α-alkylation of aldehydes.

Asymmetric catalytic variants of sunlight-driven photochemical processes hold extraordinary potential for the sustainable preparation of chiral molecules. However, the involvement of short-lived electronically excited states inherent to any photochemical reaction makes it challenging for a chiral catalyst to dictate the stereochemistry of the products. Here, we report that readily available chiral organic catalysts, with well-known utility in thermal asymmetric processes, can also confer a high level of stereocontrol in synthetically relevant intermolecular carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions driven by visible light.

Synthesis of 9-amino(9-deoxy)epi cinchona alkaloids, general chiral organocatalysts for the stereoselective functionalization of carbonyl compounds.

We describe two procedures for the synthesis of primary amines derived from 9-amino(9-deoxy)epi cinchona alkaloids, valuable catalysts used in the asymmetric functionalization of carbonyl compounds. The first approach allows the one-pot 5-g-scale syntheses of four cinchona-based analogs (1, 3, 5 and 7) from the alkaloids quinine (QN), quinidine (QD), dihydroquinine (DHQN) and dihydroquinidine (DHQD), respectively, performed by means of a Mitsunobu reaction to introduce an azide group, followed by reduction and hydrolysis. Demethylation of 1, 3, 5 and 7 with BBr(3) provided direct access to the bifunctional aminocatalysts 2, 4, 6 and 8.

Diastereodivergent asymmetric sulfa-Michael additions of α-branched enones using a single chiral organic catalyst.

A significant limitation of modern asymmetric catalysis is that, when applied to processes that generate chiral molecules with multiple stereogenic centers in a single step, researchers cannot selectively access the full matrix of all possible stereoisomeric products. Mirror image products can be discretely provided by the enantiomeric pair of a chiral catalyst. But modulating the enforced sense of diastereoselectivity using a single catalyst is a largely unmet challenge.

Asymmetric catalysis of Diels-Alder reactions with in situ generated heterocyclic ortho-quinodimethanes.

The Diels-Alder reaction is probably the most powerful technology in the synthetic repertoire for single-step constructions of complex chiral molecules. The synthetic power of this fundamental pericyclic transformation has greatly increased with the emergence of asymmetric catalytic variants, and research aimed at further expanding its potential is still exciting and fascinating the chemical community. Here, we document the first asymmetric catalytic Diels-Alder reaction of in situ generated heterocyclic ortho-quinodimethanes (oQDMs), reactive diene species that have never before succumbed to a catalytic approach.

Rhenium-catalyzed didehydroxylation of vicinal diols to alkenes using a simple alcohol as a reducing agent.

A new method for the catalytic didehydroxylation of vicinal diols is described. Employing a readily available low-valent rhenium carbonyl complex and a simple alcohol as a reducing agent, both terminal and internal vicinal diols are deoxygenated to olefins in good yield. The optional addition of acid (TsOH, H(2)SO(4)) provides access to lower reaction temperatures.

An efficient didehydroxylation method for the biomass-derived polyols glycerol and erythritol. Mechanistic studies of a formic acid-mediated deoxygenation.

An efficient 1,2-deoxygenation method, involving an unexpected mechanism, was found for simple diols and for biomass-derived polyols (glycerol and erythritol) that results in the conversion of the 1,2-dihydroxy group to a carbon-carbon double bond.

Role of nanoparticle surface charge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

In this work, the role of nanoparticle surface charge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is examined for the common case of measurements made in colloidal solutions of Ag and Au. Average SERS intensities obtained for several analytes (salicylic acid, pyridine, and 2-naphthalenethiol) on Ag and Au colloids are correlated with the pH and zeta potential (zeta) values of the nanoparticle solutions from which they were recorded. The consequence of the electrostatic interaction between the analyte and the metallic nanoparticle is stressed.

Alpha'-hydroxy enones as achiral templates for Lewis acid-catalyzed enantioselective Diels-Alder reactions.

alpha'-Hydroxy enones react with dienes in the presence of (S,S)-[Cu(tBu-box)](OTf)2 or (S,S)-[Cu(tBu-box)](SbF6)2 (2 to 10 mol %) to afford the corresponding Diels-Alder adducts in high yield and selectivity. Isomeric ratios (regioselectivity, endo/exo or cis/trans) of up to >99:1 and ee values of up to >99% are obtained. Significantly, difficult dienes such as isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl butadiene and piperylene behave satisfactorily.

Comparison of the effectiveness of 2-hourly versus 8-hourly subcutaneous injections of a somatostatin analog (SMS 201-995) in the treatment of acromegaly.

To determine whether sc injections of a somatostatin analog (SMS 201-995) every 2 h (q2h) is more effective than sc injections every 8 h (q8h) in achieving a constant suppression of GH levels and a more satisfactory clinical response, we studied 10 patients with acromegaly (4 newly diagnosed and 6 previously treated with bromocriptine/pituitary irradiation/transfrontal hypophysectomy). The dose of SMS 201-995 was increased from 300 micrograms/day to a maximum of 600 micrograms/day when the mean serum GH (hourly samples for 12 h) failed to be suppressed to undetectable levels in over 75% of the samples. Five patients received a 200-micrograms sc injection q8h (600 micrograms/day), and the other 5 received sc injections q2h [418 +/- 46 micrograms/day (mean +/- SE); range, 288-504 micrograms/day].