Sleeve gastrectomy reveals the plasticity of the human gastric epithelium.

Gastrin is secreted following a rise in gastric pH, leading to gastric acid secretion. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a bariatric surgery where 80% of the gastric corpus is excised, presents a challenge for gastric pH homeostasis. Using histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing of the gastric epithelium in 12 women, we observed that SG is associated with an increase in a sub-population of acid-secreting parietal cells that overexpress respiratory enzymes and an increase in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs).

Inhibition of somatostatin enhances the long-term metabolic outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy in mice.

Objective: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment to obesity, leading to weight loss and improvement in glycemia, that is characterized by hypersecretion of gastrointestinal hormones. However, weight regain and relapse of hyperglycemia are not uncommon. We set to identify mechanisms that can enhance gastrointestinal hormonal secretion following surgery to sustain weight loss.

Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Glycemia but Does Not Affect Cognitive Impairment in Lean 5xFAD Mice.

Obesity and hyperglycemia are risk factors for cognitive decline and for the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity that was shown to improve cognitive decline in obese patients. Bariatric surgery was shown to exert weight loss independent effects on metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

Maternal antagonism of Glp1 reverses the adverse outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy on mouse offspring.

Mothers that underwent bariatric surgery are at higher risk for delivering a small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant. This phenomenon is attributed to malabsorption and rapid weight loss following surgery. We compared pregnancy outcomes in lean mice that underwent sham surgery or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Generation and characterization of a mouse model for one anastomosis gastric bypass surgery.

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) surgery became a common bariatric procedure in recent years. In this surgery, the distal stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum are bypassed, leading to weight loss, improvement in metabolic parameters, and a change in hormonal secretion. We sought to generate and characterize a mouse model for OAGB.

Sleeve Gastrectomy Suppresses Hepatic Glucose Production and Increases Hepatic Insulin Clearance Independent of Weight Loss.

Bariatric operations induce weight loss, which is associated with an improvement in hepatic steatosis and a reduction in hepatic glucose production. It is not clear whether these outcomes are entirely due to weight loss, or whether the new anatomy imposed by the surgery contributes to the improvement in the metabolic function of the liver. We performed vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on obese mice provided with a high-fat high-sucrose diet and compared them to diet and weight-matched sham-operated mice (WMS).

Reversal of diet-induced hepatic steatosis by peripheral CB1 receptor blockade in mice is p53/miRNA-22/SIRT1/PPARα dependent.

Objective: The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is increasingly recognized as being crucially important in obesity-related hepatic steatosis. By activating the hepatic cannabinoid-1 receptor (CBR), eCBs modulate lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.

Localized Antileptin Therapy Prevents Aortic Root Dilatation and Preserves Left Ventricular Systolic Function in a Murine Model of Marfan Syndrome.

Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetically transmitted connective tissue disorder characterized by aortic root dilatation, dissection, and rupture. Molecularly, MFS pathological features have been shown to be driven by increased angiotensin II in the aortic wall. Using an angiotensin II-driven aneurysm mouse model, we have recently demonstrated that local inhibition of leptin activity restricts aneurysm formation in the ascending and abdominal aorta.

Coronary artery calcification score as tool for risk assessment among families with premature coronary artery disease.

Introduction: There is discussion about incorporating a family history (FamHis) of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in risk score algorithms. However, FamHis provides information on individual risk. Coronary artery calcification score (CACS) is a metric of atherosclerosis that may determine the individual risk within families at high risk of premature CAD.

Treatment of asymptomatic adults with elevated coronary calcium scores with atorvastatin, vitamin C, and vitamin E: the St. Francis Heart Study randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether lipid-lowering therapy and antioxidants retard the progression of coronary calcification and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events.

Background: The electron beam computed tomography-derived coronary calcium score predicts coronary disease events. Small, uncontrolled studies suggest that vigorous lipid-lowering therapy slows progression of coronary calcification and prevents coronary artery disease events, but controlled, scientific demonstration of these effects is lacking.

Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors, C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events: the St. Francis Heart Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic accuracy of electron beam computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the coronary arteries and the relationship of coronary calcification to standard coronary disease risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in apparently healthy middle-age persons.

Background: As a screening test for coronary artery disease (CAD), electron beam CT scanning remains controversial.

Methods: In a prospective, population-based study, 4,903 asymptomatic persons age 50 to 70 years underwent electron beam CT scanning of the coronary arteries.

Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac CT in population-based studies: standardized protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Calcified coronary artery plaque, measured at cardiac computed tomography (CT), is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and may play an increasing role in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute are population-based studies in which calcified coronary artery plaque was measured with electron-beam and multi-detector row CT and a standardized protocol in 6814 (MESA) and 3044 (CARDIA study) participants. The studies were approved by the appropriate institutional review board from the study site or agency, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant.

Relation of thoracic aortic and aortic valve calcium to coronary artery calcium and risk assessment.

Aortic calcium, aortic valve calcium (AVC), and coronary artery calcium (CAC) have been associated with cardiovascular event risk. We examined the prevalence of thoracic aortic calcium (TAC) and AVC in relation to the presence and extent of CAC, cardiovascular risk factors, and estimated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In 2,740 persons without known CHD aged 20 to 79 years, CAC was assessed by electron beam- or multidetector-computed tomography.

Beyond traditional risk factor analysis for coronary artery disease: the case for coronary artery calcium assessment with electron beam computed tomography.

Coronary artery disease is often asymptomatic, leading to inefficient detection. Although coronary artery disease is associated with multiple risk factors, better methods for detection are needed. The quantity of coronary artery calcium as detected with electron beam computed tomography is indicative of plaque mass, and the likelihood of coronary obstruction and future coronary events is independent of other risk factors.

Continuous probabilistic prediction of angiographically significant coronary artery disease using electron beam tomography.

Background: We sought to incorporate electron beam tomography-derived calcium scores in a model for prediction of angiographically significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Such a model could greatly facilitate clinical triage in symptomatic patients with no known CAD.

Methods And Results: We examined 1851 patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary angiography for clinical indications.

Association of multiple risk factors and insulin resistance with increased prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease by an electron-beam computed tomographic study.

The insulin resistance syndrome, consisting of resistance to insulin and several metabolic abnormalities, is associated with an increased risk of symptomatic coronary artery disease. Asymptomatic persons with increased coronary calcification have increased coronary plaque and an increased likelihood of future cardiovascular events. Electron-beam computed tomography-derived coronary artery calcium scores, metabolic and anthropometric parameters, and fasting and stimulated concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured in 1160 asymptomatic men and women.

Rationale and design of the St. Francis Heart Study: a randomized clinical trial of atorvastatin plus antioxidants in asymptomatic persons with elevated coronary calcification.

Early detection of asymptomatic subjects who are at risk for future cardiovascular events may allow for earlier medical treatment in order to prevent disease progression and future events. Electron-beam computed tomography accurately identifies people with increased coronary calcification, which is correlated with increased coronary plaque mass, increased likelihood of obstructive coronary disease, and increased likelihood of future cardiovascular events. The St.

Potential use of Ca++ scanning to determine the need for and intensity of lipid-lowering therapy in asymptomatic adults.

Deficiencies in traditional cardiovascular risk-factor assessment in asymptomatic individuals have led to the use of electron beam computed tomography (CT) scanning as a screening test for coronary artery disease. This novel approach is based on a secure pathologic foundation: the risk of coronary disease events is proportional to the severity and extent of underlying coronary atherosclerosis, and in middle-aged and elderly adults, calcified plaque is closely related to total plaque. Electron beam CT measures coronary calcium quickly, easily, accurately, and with a high degree of reproducibility.

Prediction of coronary events with electron beam computed tomography.

Objectives: We sought to determine the prognostic accuracy of electron beam computed tomographic (EBCT) scanning of the coronary arteries at three to four years.

Background: Coronary artery calcium scores determined by EBCT correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, previous reports of the prognostic accuracy of EBCT scanning for coronary events in asymptomatic individuals are conflicting.

Therapeutic strategies for coronary artery disease beyond low density lipoprotein (LDL)--lowering.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) ranks as the leading cause of death in the Western world. The most widely used therapeutics utilized for the treatment of CAD are the lipid-lowering drugs, which lower plasma cholesterol. However lowering cholesterol alone may not be sufficient to provide benefit to all patient populations at risk for CAD.

Serum concentration of calcium, 1,25 vitamin D and parathyroid hormone are not correlated with coronary calcifications. An electron beam computed tomography study.

Background: The amount of coronary artery calcification, measured using electron beam computed tomography, is correlated with the volume of coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque, the severity of stenosis by angiography, and with the likelihood of future cardiovascular events. The deposition of calcium in atherosclerotic plaques may also be influenced by determinants of calcium metabolism, thus contributing to the variance of the relation between coronary artery calcification and extent of atherosclerosis. Our objective was to determine whether this variance could be explained by differences in the parameters of calcium metabolism.