The neighborhood food environment modifies the association between infant feeding and childhood obesity.

Background: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) issues infant formula to infants who are not fully breastfed, and prior research found elevated obesity risk among children receiving lactose-reduced infant formula with corn syrup solids (CSSF) issued by WIC. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between a broader set of specialty infant formulas issued by WIC and child obesity risk, whether neighborhood context (e.g.

Global Proteomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Differentially Expressed Proteins between Cardiopathic Lamin A/C Mutations.

Lamin A/C (LMNA) is an important component of nuclear lamina. Mutations cause arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. While LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy typically has an aggressive course that responds poorly to conventional heart failure therapies, there is variability in severity and age of penetrance between and even within specific mutations, which is poorly understood at the cellular level.

DNA lesion bypass and the stochastic dynamics of transcription-coupled repair.

DNA base damage is a major source of oncogenic mutations and disruption to gene expression. The stalling of RNA polymerase II (RNAP) at sites of DNA damage and the subsequent triggering of repair processes have major roles in shaping the genome-wide distribution of mutations, clearing barriers to transcription, and minimizing the production of miscoded gene products. Despite its importance for genetic integrity, key mechanistic features of this transcription-coupled repair (TCR) process are controversial or unknown.

A randomized controlled trial examining general parenting training and family-based behavioral treatment for childhood obesity: The ReFRESH study design.

Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is one of the most effective treatments for childhood obesity. These programs include behavior change strategies and basic parenting training to help parents make healthy diet and physical activity changes for their children. While effective, not all families respond to this program.

shaPRS: Leveraging shared genetic effects across traits or ancestries improves accuracy of polygenic scores.

We present shaPRS, a method that leverages widespread pleiotropy between traits or shared genetic effects across ancestries, to improve the accuracy of polygenic scores. The method uses genome-wide summary statistics from two diseases or ancestries to improve the genetic effect estimate and standard error at SNPs where there is homogeneity of effect between the two datasets. When there is significant evidence of heterogeneity, the genetic effect from the disease or population closest to the target population is maintained.

Dietary intake and glutamine-serine metabolism control pathologic vascular stiffness.

Perivascular collagen deposition by activated fibroblasts promotes vascular stiffening and drives cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). Whether and how vascular fibroblasts rewire their metabolism to sustain collagen biosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we found that inflammation, hypoxia, and mechanical stress converge on activating the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ (WWTR1) in pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs).

Redescription of adults and first description of the larva of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) adleri Feldman-Muhsam, 1951 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of carnivorans in Western Asia.

The adults of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) adleri Feldman-Muhsam, 1951 (Acari: Ixodidae) are redescribed and the larva of this species is described for the first time here. The adults of H. adleri that we studied were collected from various canid, felid and hyaenid carnivorans (Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae, Hyaenidae) as well as a hedgehog (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae) in Iraq, Israel and West Bank.

Sequential administration of peripheral nerve blocks and onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of chronic migraine and other headache disorders-A retrospective tolerability and safety study.

Objective: To determine the tolerability and safety of concurrent peripheral nerve blocks and onabotulinumtoxinA treatment during a single outpatient clinic procedure visit.

Background: Procedural interventions are available for the treatment of headache disorders. OnabotulinumtoxinA and peripheral nerve blocks are used as alternatives or in addition to oral therapies to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks.

Incidence and management of prostatic urethra recurrence in a cohort of 21 patients who received BCG induction for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and management of patients who develop a prostatic urethral (PU) urothelial carcinoma recurrence after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induction for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients who received BCG induction at our institution from 1996 to 2021 (N = 642) for NMIBC. All patients with pathologically confirmed PU involvement following BCG induction with no known PU involvement pre-BCG were included.

Follow-Up of Microscopic Colitis Patients and Diarrhea Controls at 1 Year.

Background And Aims: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea; however, the clinical course of this disease is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate how patients diagnosed with MC were treated in routine clinical practice and how their symptoms compared to patients with other causes of chronic diarrhea at one year follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy to evaluate diarrhea.

Albumin-Binding Lutetium-177-Labeled LLP2A Derivatives as Theranostics for Melanoma.

Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is a transmembrane integrin protein that is highly expressed in aggressive forms of metastatic melanoma. A small-molecule peptidomimetic, LLP2A, was found to have a low pM affinity binding to VLA-4. Because LLP2A itself does not inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, it is an ideal candidate for the imaging and delivery of therapeutic payloads.

Social sham chewing in sows?

In this short communication, we describe chewing behaviour in sows with no apparent edible substrate in their mouth as a potential social behaviour. Chewing in sows during interaction with unfamiliar sows was unexpectedly observed in a study assessing social abilities and damaging behaviours in group-housed dry sows. Such chewing was observed frequently and performed by almost all sows.

Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Patients With an Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis and Chronic High Bowel Frequency: A Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Proof-of-Concept Study.

Introduction: After colectomy with ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA), many patients develop high bowel frequency (BF) refractory to antimotility agents, despite normal IPAA morphology. Low circulating levels of glucagon-like protein-1 (GLP-1), a modulator of gastroduodenal motility, have been reported after colectomy.

Methods: Double-blind crossover study of 8 IPAA patients with refractory high BF treated with daily administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide or placebo.

COVID-19 cluster surveillance using exposure data collected from routine contact tracing: The genomic validation of a novel informatics-based approach to outbreak detection in England.

Contact tracing was used globally to prevent onwards transmission of COVID-19. Tracing contacts alone is unlikely to be sufficient in controlling community transmission, due to the pre-symptomatic, overdispersed and airborne nature of COVID-19 transmission. We describe and demonstrate the validity of a national enhanced contact tracing programme for COVID-19 cluster surveillance in England.

Single-molecule tracking reveals dual front door/back door inhibition of Cel7A cellulase by its product cellobiose.

Degrading cellulose is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Cellobiose, the disaccharide product of cellulose degradation, has been shown to inhibit cellulase activity, but the mechanisms underlying product inhibition are not clear. We combined single-molecule imaging and biochemical investigations with the goal of revealing the mechanism by which cellobiose inhibits the activity of Cel7A, a well-characterized exo-cellulase.

Defining predictors of responsiveness to advanced therapies in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: protocol for the IBD-RESPONSE and nested CD-metaRESPONSE prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study in precision medicine.

Introduction: Characterised by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms including diarrhoea, abdominal pain and fatigue can significantly impact patient's quality of life. Therapeutic developments in the last 20 years have revolutionised treatment. However, clinical trials and real-world data show primary non-response rates up to 40%.

A randomized controlled trial of an online single session intervention for body image in individuals with recurrent binge eating.

Objective: Theoretical models highlight body image disturbances as central to the maintenance of eating disorders, with empirical evidence finding negative body image to be a robust predictor of treatment nonresponse, relapse and symptom persistence. Accessible, scalable, and inexpensive interventions that can effectively target negative body image across the eating disorders are needed. We developed an online single session intervention (SSI) for negative body image and evaluated its acceptability and efficacy in a randomized controlled trial in individuals with recurrent binge eating.

Impact of guideline-directed medical therapy on systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure and low blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Existing research indicates that patients with heart failure (HF) may have restricted access to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) when their blood pressure (BP) is comparatively low. However, recent clinical trials suggest that HF patients with low BP could still benefit from certain HF medications, which have a minimal impact on BP. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether this applies to all GDMT.

Do one-stage indications predict success following two-stage arthroplasty for chronic periprosthetic joint infection?

: The 2018 International Consensus Meeting (ICM) proposed criteria for one-stage exchange arthroplasty in treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Our study aimed to determine what proportion of PJI patients met the 2018 ICM criteria and how this affected infection-free survivorship for patients. : All chronic PJI patients treated with two-stage exchange within our institution between 2017-2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Prevalence and Costs of Esophageal Strictures in the United States.

Background & Aims: Esophageal strictures are a leading cause of dysphagia, but data regarding the epidemiology of esophageal strictures are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, health care utilization, and financial burden of esophageal strictures in the United States.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using 2 large national insurance claims databases (MarketScan and Medicare).