Artificial Intelligence In Health And Health Care: Priorities For Action.

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has entered a new cycle of intense opportunity, fueled by advances in deep learning, including generative AI. Applications of recent advances affect many aspects of everyday life, yet nowhere is it more important to use this technology safely, effectively, and equitably than in health and health care. Here, as part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: Priorities for 2025 initiative, which is designed to provide guidance on pressing health care issues for the incoming presidential administration, we describe the steps needed to achieve these goals.

Global cellular proteo-lipidomic profiling of diverse lysosomal storage disease mutants using nMOST.

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise ~50 monogenic disorders marked by the buildup of cellular material in lysosomes, yet systematic global molecular phenotyping of proteins and lipids is lacking. We present a nanoflow-based multiomic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow that quantifies HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from over two dozen LSD mutants. Global cross-correlation analysis between lipids and proteins identified autophagy defects, notably the accumulation of ferritinophagy substrates and receptors, especially in and mutants, where lysosomes accumulate cholesterol.

Yearling laryngeal function grades II.2 and below are not associated with reduced performance.

Background: The relationship between Thoroughbred yearling laryngeal function (YLF) grade and race performance is unclear.

Objectives: To determine the effect of YLF on future race performance.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Neurobehavioral plasticity in the rodent gustatory system induced by regular consumption of a low-calorie sweetener during adolescence.

Habitual consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) during juvenile-adolescence can lead to greater sugar intake later in life. Here, we investigated if exposure to the LCS Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K) during this critical period of development reprograms the taste system in a way that would alter hedonic responding for common dietary compounds. Results revealed that early-life LCS intake not only enhanced the avidity for a caloric sugar (fructose) when rats were in a state of caloric need, it increased acceptance of a bitterant (quinine) in Ace-K-exposed rats tested when middle-aged.

Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Enhancement of antitumor effects of berberine chloride with a copper(II) complex against human triple negative breast cancer: studies.

In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl]•0.5HO•0.0625CHOH (where chromoneTSC = -Ethyl-2-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-hydrazinecarbothioamide) was synthesized and characterized; then used to carry out studies in combination with berberine chloride (BBC).

Phylogeny and virulence determinant detection of Fusobacterium necrophorum strains isolated at the UK Anaerobe Reference Unit between 1982 and 2019.

Objectives: Explore the presence, or absence, of virulence genes and the phylogeny of a multi-decade UK collection of clinical and reference Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates.

Methods: Three hundred and eighty-five F. necrophorum strains (1982-2019) were recovered from storage (-80°C).

Systemic Sodium Iodate Injection as a Model for Expanding Geographic Atrophy.

Purpose: Geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), has limited treatment options. This study introduces a novel mouse model featuring an expanding GA patch that can be used to test mechanisms and therapeutics.

Methods: C57Bl/6J male mice (n = 96) aged 9-10 weeks received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 20 mg/kg sodium iodate (NaIO3).

Pharmacokinetics of Methadone in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces profound physiological changes that may alter the pharmacokinetics of methadone. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of an intravenous bolus of methadone racemate in adult patients undergoing heart surgery with CPB.

Methods: We prospectively studied 29 patients aged 45 to 75 years scheduled for cardiac surgery with CPB who received methadone 0.

First Report of Influenza D Virus in Dairy Cattle in Pakistan.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly emerged zoonotic virus increasingly reported worldwide. Cattle are considered the main reservoir of IDV, although it was first isolated from pigs. IDV infects multiple animal species and contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC).

Pyruvate Kinase Directly Generates GTP in Glycolysis, Supporting Growth and Contributing to Guanosine Toxicity.

Unlabelled: Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is essential for macromolecular biosynthesis, and its intracellular levels are tightly regulated in bacteria. Loss of the alarmone (p)ppGpp disrupts GTP regulation in , causing cell death in the presence of exogenous guanosine and underscoring the critical importance of GTP homeostasis. To investigate the basis of guanosine toxicity, we performed a genetic selection for spontaneous mutations that suppress this effect, uncovering an unexpected link between GTP synthesis and glycolysis.

Transplant-Free Approach in Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Retrieval strategies for children, adolescents, and young adults with relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) aim to maintain efficacy while minimizing long-term toxic effects. Children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk, relapsed cHL may benefit from replacing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant with less intensive involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT).

Objective: To evaluate a risk-stratified, response-adapted, transplant-free approach for treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk relapsed cHL with nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin (BV) followed by BV plus bendamustine for patients with suboptimal response and ISRT (30.

Predicting sinonasal inverted papilloma attachment using machine learning: Current lessons and future directions.

Background: Hyperostosis is a common radiographic feature of inverted papilloma (IP) tumor origin on computed tomography (CT). Herein, we developed a machine learning (ML) model capable of analyzing CT images and identifying IP attachment sites.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated for IP at our institution was performed.

A Scoping Review of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy-Related Gait Abnormalities in Children With Cancer.

Unlabelled: Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) with associated weakness, areflexia, neuropathic pain, and sensory loss, is a common occurrence in children treated for cancer. However, accurate, quantifiable descriptions of gait deviations due to CIPN are lacking. This scoping review explores common gait abnormalities in children with CIPN.

Patterns of initial treatment and subsequent care escalation among medicare beneficiaries with neck pain: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To compare long-term care escalation encounters among three care patterns for new episodes of neck pain among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: We examined Medicare claims spanning a four-year period for beneficiaries with new episodes of neck pain beginning in 2019. All patients were continuously enrolled under Medicare parts A, B, and D and aged 65-99 years.

Incidence and predictors of readmission following hospitalization for thoracic disc herniation.

Objective: Symptomatic thoracic disc herniations (TDH) are relatively rare and can be discovered incidentally on neuroimaging. Surgical interventions for TDH represent only 4 % of all surgeries performed for intervertebral disc pathologies, which are most commonly indicated for myelopathy and radiculopathy. Given the absence of publications on rates of readmissions following hospitalization for TDH, we aim to establish baseline metrics for the 90-day all-cause readmission rates and pertinent risk factors.

Risk factors for mortality after 3-column osteotomy.

Purpose: Three-column osteotomies (3COs), such as pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and vertebral column resection (VCR), are used to surgically correct rigid adult spinal deformity (ASD). While extensive research exists about complications associated with 3COs, there remains a paucity of studies analyzing risk factors for mortality following 3CO. We believe the mortality rate after 3-column osteotomy will be low with specific identifiable demographic or medical risk factors.

The Association of Bone Mineral Density with Distal Junctional Kyphosis and Distal Junctional Failure After Multilevel Spine Fusions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) and distal junctional failure (DJF) are known complications of adult multilevel spinal fusion surgery. Previous literature has extensively investigated proximal junctional kyphosis and proximal junctional failure, but DJK and DJF are relatively understudied. This study investigates the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and DJK/DJF via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

"Bringing greater research fluency into our educational vision": A qualitative research study on improving Traditional Chinese Medicine research education.

The main objective of this qualitative analysis is to increase the quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research education. Subject matter experts and stakeholders were sent a list of possible topics to include in a research course and were asked to comment on it, add or subtract topics, and suggest appropriate research papers to use, lessons learned in their topic areas and possible stand-alone topics for inclusion in other courses. Their feedback was used to revise the topic list, create a list of foundational research papers to include in a research course and devise a list of stand-alone topics that could be included in the general TCM research curriculum.

Reliably measuring learning-dependent distractor suppression with eye tracking.

In the field of psychological science, behavioral performance in computer-based cognitive tasks often exhibits poor reliability. The absence of reliable measures of cognitive processes contributes to non-reproducibility in the field and impedes the investigation of individual differences. Specifically in visual search paradigms, response time-based measures have shown poor test-retest reliability and internal consistency across attention capture and distractor suppression, but one study has demonstrated the potential for oculomotor measures to exhibit superior reliability.

Impact of islet autotransplantation on 30-day post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy: A NSQIP retrospective cohort analysis of 584 patients.

Background: Total pancreatectomy (TP) offers a surgical option for refractory pancreatitis, yet confers substantial long-term morbidity associated with resultant diabetes. While total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) offers an intuitive solution, data evaluating its safety have been limited to single-center studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the addition of islet autotransplantation to TP confers additional post-operative morbidity within the 30-day post-operative period.

Graph theoretic visualization of patient and health worker messaging in the EHR.

Introduction: The electronic health record (EHR) has greatly expanded healthcare communication between patients and health workers. However, the volume and complexity of EHR messages have increased health workers' cognitive load, impeding effective care delivery and contributing to burnout.

Methods: To understand these potential detriments resulting from EHR communication, we analyzed EHR messages sent between patients and health workers at Emory Healthcare, a large academic healthcare system in Atlanta, Georgia.

Body-size evolution in gastropods across the Plio-Pleistocene extinction in the western Atlantic.

The Plio-Pleistocene turnover event in the western Atlantic following the closure of the Central American Seaway involved high rates of extinction for both gastropod and bivalve molluscs. This extinction was associated with declining nutrient conditions and has been presumed to be associated with a decrease in molluscan body size. Previous work which has been concordant with this expectation, however, has either focused on bivalves or not considered the effects of the recovery post extinction.