Comparison of Race-neutral Versus Race-specific Spirometry Equations for Evaluation of Child Asthma.

Rationale: Race-based estimates of pulmonary function in children could influence the evaluation of asthma in children from racial and ethnic minoritized backgrounds.

Objectives: To determine if race-neutral (GLI-Global) versus race-specific (GLI-Race-Specific) reference equations differentially impact spirometry evaluation of childhood asthma.

Methods: The analysis included 8,719 children aged 5 to <12 years from 27 cohorts across the United States grouped by parent-reported race and ethnicity.

Farm exposure is associated with human breast milk immune profile and microbiome.

Prenatal and early life farm exposure, and breastfeeding, are associated with protection from allergic diseases. We hypothesize that farm exposure influences the human breast milk microbiome and immune proteins. The immune protein profiles and microbial communities of 152 human breast milk samples were compared among three maternal farm exposure groups (traditional agrarian, farm, and non-farm) in rural Wisconsin to identify signatures associated with farm status and atopic disease.

Micro blood analysis technology (μBAT): multiplexed analysis of neutrophil phenotype and function from microliter whole blood samples.

There is an ongoing need to do more with less and provide highly multiplexed analysis from limited sample volumes. Improved "sample sparing" assays would have a broad impact across pediatric and other rare sample type studies in addition to enabling sequential sampling. This capability would advance both clinical and basic research applications.

Dysregulated specific IgE production to bystander foods in children with peanut allergy but not egg allergy.

Background: Food specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels are associated with the development of allergic responses and are used in the clinical evaluation of food allergy. Food sIgG4 levels have been associated with tolerance or clinical nonresponsiveness, particularly in interventional studies.

Objective: We aimed to characterize food-specific antibody responses and compare responses with different foods in food allergy.

Legume and sesame oral food challenge outcomes.

Background: Legume and sesame are emerging food allergens. The utility of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing to predict clinical reactivity to these allergens is not well described.

Objective: To describe clinical outcomes and sIgE in sesame and legume oral food challenges (OFC).

Food allergy management.

Optimal management of food allergy is complex and multifaceted. Management of food allergy includes ensuring proper diagnosis, monitoring for the emergence of natural tolerance, screening for nutritional and psychosocial issues, and educating the patient and family on living with food allergies across childhood. Education must encompass successfully avoiding the trigger food, recognizing and treating allergic reactions, and navigating living with food allergies.

Physico-Chemical and Rheological Trait-Based Identification of Indian Wheat Varieties Suitable for Different End-Uses.

India has increased its wheat production phenomenally in the last two decades and it now has a buffer stock of 9.7 million tonnes. However, despite the release of several wheat cultivars, the end-use quality traits of Indian wheat varieties have not been explored in-depth to determine the increasing demand of the domestic processing industry as well as export.

High-Resolution Ultrasound in Evaluation of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients of Hansen's Disease.

Introduction: Hansen's disease (HD) is a major public health problem in developing countries. It causes peripheral neuropathy, and if left untreated, it leads to deformities. It is important to diagnose such cases early, and prompt treatment should be given to patients to preserve nerve function.

Atopic dermatitis phenotype affects expression of atopic diseases despite similar mononuclear cell cytokine response.

Background: The atopic march refers to the coexpression and progression of atopic diseases in childhood, often beginning with atopic dermatitis (AD), although children may not progress through each atopic disease.

Objective: We hypothesized that future atopic disease expression is modified by AD phenotype and that these differences result from underlying dysregulation of cytokine signaling.

Methods: Children (n = 285) were enrolled into the Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) birth cohort and followed prospectively.

Neighborhood Opportunity and Vulnerability and Incident Asthma Among Children.

Background: The extent to which physical and social attributes of neighborhoods play a role in childhood asthma remains understudied.

Objective: To examine associations of neighborhood-level opportunity and social vulnerability measures with childhood asthma incidence.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used data from children in 46 cohorts participating in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program between January 1, 1995, and August 31, 2022.

Effect of pulsed electric field treated on quality of curd.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a potential pre-treatment technique to improve the quality of milk by reducing its microbial load. The present study aims at addressing this issue with respect to a popular fermented dairy product, that is, curd. Milk was treated with high voltage and frequency (55 kV and 90 Hz) square waves of pulse width 900 µs for 100 s.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates in the Treatment of Urothelial Cancer.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have transformed the treatment landscape in oncology and become an essential therapeutic modality. In urothelial carcinoma (UC), the two ADCs that have been especially successful in clinical practice are enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan. These drugs are currently approved as monotherapy for later lines of treatment in locally advanced or metastatic UC and have had a significant impact for patients with limited treatment options.