State-Level Helmet Use Laws, Helmet Use, and Head Injuries in EMS Patients Involved in Motorcycle Collisions.

Objectives: Motorcycle helmets save lives and reduce serious injury after motorcycle collisions (MCC). In 2022, 18 states had laws requiring helmet use by motorcyclists aged ≥21 years. Our objective was to compare helmet use and head trauma in emergency medical services (EMS) patients involved in MCC in states with and without helmet use laws.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in COVID-19 patient plasma reveals disease severity biomarkers.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has widely varying clinical severity. Currently, no single marker or panel of markers is considered standard of care for prediction of COVID-19 disease progression. The goal of this study is to gain mechanistic insights at the molecular level and to discover predictive biomarkers of severity of infection and outcomes among COVID-19 patients.

ATR safeguards replication forks against APOBEC3B-induced toxic PARP1 trapping.

ATR is the master safeguard of genomic integrity during DNA replication. Acute inhibition of ATR with ATR inhibitor (ATRi) triggers a surge in origin firing, leading to increased levels of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that rapidly deplete all available RPA. This leaves ssDNA unprotected and susceptible to breakage, a phenomenon known as replication catastrophe.

APOBEC3A drives metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer by altering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most prevalent and aggressive histological subtype of ovarian cancer, and often presents with metastatic disease. The drivers of metastasis in HGSOC remain enigmatic. APOBEC3A (A3A), an enzyme that generates mutations across various cancers, has been proposed as a mediator of tumor heterogeneity and disease progression.

Efficacy and Safety of Alpha-2 Agonists in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: This analysis is a systematic literature review assessing efficacy and adverse effects of three alpha-2 agonists for the symptomatic management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: The present investigation involved an extensive systematic search for eligible studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Nine studies, collectively incorporating 226 patients, were assessed.

High expression of oleoyl-ACP hydrolase underpins life-threatening respiratory viral diseases.

Respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, yet it is unclear why some individuals succumb to severe disease. In patients hospitalized with avian A(H7N9) influenza, we investigated early drivers underpinning fatal disease. Transcriptomics strongly linked oleoyl-acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) hydrolase (OLAH), an enzyme mediating fatty acid production, with fatal A(H7N9) early after hospital admission, persisting until death.

Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy by Resonant Vibrational Coupling with Plasmonic Metal Oxide Nanocrystals.

Coupling between plasmonic resonances and molecular vibrations in nanocrystals (NCs) offers a promising approach for detecting molecules at low concentrations and discerning their chemical identities. Metallic NC superlattices can enhance vibrational signals under far-field detection by generating a myriad of intensified electric field hot spots between the NCs. Yet, their effectiveness is limited by the fixed electron concentration dictated by the metal composition and inefficient hot spot creation due to the large mode volume.

Biomechanical costs influence decisions made during ongoing actions.

Accurate interaction with the environment relies on the integration of external information about the spatial layout of potential actions and knowledge of their costs and benefits. Previous studies have shown that when given a choice between voluntary reaching movements, humans tend to prefer actions with lower biomechanical costs. However, these studies primarily focused on decisions made before the onset of movement ("decide-then-act" scenarios), and it is not known to what extent their conclusions generalize to many real-life situations, in which decisions occur during ongoing actions ("decide-while-acting").

The SMC5/6 complex prevents genotoxicity upon APOBEC3A-mediated replication stress.

Mutational patterns caused by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity are evident throughout human cancer genomes. In particular, the APOBEC3A family member is a potent genotoxin that causes substantial DNA damage in experimental systems and human tumors. However, the mechanisms that ensure genome stability in cells with active APOBEC3A are unknown.

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States.

SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.

Approach for defining human adenovirus infection and disease for central review adjudication in clinical studies.

Background: Pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients are at risk for morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus (HAdV). HAdV can be detected in an asymptomatic state, referred to as infection or with signs or symptoms of illness, referred to as disease. Standardized case definitions are needed to distinguish infection from disease and allow for consistent reporting in both observational cohort studies and therapeutic clinical trials.

Gentrification drives patterns of alpha and beta diversity in cities.

While there is increasing recognition that social processes in cities like gentrification have ecological consequences, we lack nuanced understanding of the ways gentrification affects urban biodiversity. We analyzed a large camera trap dataset of mammals (>500 g) to evaluate how gentrification impacts species richness and community composition across 23 US cities. After controlling for the negative effect of impervious cover, gentrified parts of cities had the highest mammal species richness.

Toward a neuroscience of natural behavior.

One of the most exciting new developments in systems neuroscience is the progress being made toward neurophysiological experiments that move beyond simplified laboratory settings and address the richness of natural behavior. This is enabled by technological advances such as wireless recording in freely moving animals, automated quantification of behavior, and new methods for analyzing large data sets. Beyond new empirical methods and data, however, there is also a need for new theories and concepts to interpret that data.

Wavelength Tunable Infrared Perfect Absorption in Plasmonic Nanocrystal Monolayers.

The ability to efficiently absorb light in ultrathin (subwavelength) layers is essential for modern electro-optic devices, including detectors, sensors, and nonlinear modulators. Tailoring these ultrathin films' spectral, spatial, and polarimetric properties is highly desirable for many, if not all, of the above applications. Doing so, however, often requires costly lithographic techniques or exotic materials, limiting scalability.

The SMC5/6 complex prevents genotoxicity upon APOBEC3A-mediated replication stress.

Mutational patterns caused by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity are evident throughout human cancer genomes. In particular, the APOBEC3A family member is a potent genotoxin that causes substantial DNA damage in experimental systems and human tumors. However, the mechanisms that ensure genome stability in cells with active APOBEC3A are unknown.

Infectious complications of vascular anomalies treated with sirolimus: A systematic review.

Background And Objectives: Initially developed as immunosuppressive agents, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are currently used widely in the management of vascular malformations and tumors. The incidence of infectious complications in the vascular anomalies (VA) population is not well defined. The goal of this systematic review was to better define the types and severity of reported infectious complications in patients with VAs treated with mTOR inhibition.

Effect of species-level trait variation on urban exploitation in mammals.

Identifying drivers of urban association in wildlife is a central challenge in conservation biology. Traits facilitating access to novel resources and avoiding humans often correspond with urban exploitation in mammal species, but these relationships differ by taxa and trophic guild. Variation among or within traits may be a yet untested explanation for the non-generality of species-trait relationships in cities.

Nuclease-independent functions of RAG1 direct distinct DNA damage responses in B cells.

Developing B cells generate DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) to assemble immunoglobulin receptor (Ig) genes necessary for the expression of a mature B cell receptor. These physiologic DSBs are made by the RAG endonuclease, which is comprised of the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins. In pre-B cells, RAG-mediated DSBs activate the ATM kinase to coordinate canonical and non-canonical DNA damage responses (DDR) that trigger DSB repair and B cell developmental signals, respectively.

Cross-platform comparison of arbitrary quantum states.

As we approach the era of quantum advantage, when quantum computers (QCs) can outperform any classical computer on particular tasks, there remains the difficult challenge of how to validate their performance. While algorithmic success can be easily verified in some instances such as number factoring or oracular algorithms, these approaches only provide pass/fail information of executing specific tasks for a single QC. On the other hand, a comparison between different QCs preparing nominally the same arbitrary circuit provides an insight for generic validation: a quantum computation is only as valid as the agreement between the results produced on different QCs.