Focus Groups With Guatemalan Community Leaders About Barriers to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among Latin American women, including Guatemalans. This is troubling, given we have a vaccine, screening tool, and treatment for this preventable disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most cervical cancer.

Evaluation of three fixation methods in tibiotalocalcaneal fusion for chronic osteomyelitis following ankle fracture.

Introduction: In the scenario of chronic osteomyelitis following an ankle fracture, limb salvage and ideally infection eradication, can be an alternative to amputation.Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is perhaps the most popular procedure. When performing fusion in osteomyelitis patients, external fixation is more commonly used, although there is some experience with internal fixation.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody VRC07523LS in Newborn Infants Exposed to HIV-1.

Background: Vertical HIV-1 transmission despite antiretroviral therapy may be mitigated by use of long-acting, broadly neutralizing, monoclonal antibodies (bNAb) such as VRC07523LS. The present study was designed to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of VRC07523LS.

Methods: VRC07523LS, 80 mg/dose, was administered subcutaneously after birth to non-breastfed (Cohort 1; N=11, enrolled in USA) and breastfed (Cohort 2; N=11, enrolled in South Africa and Zimbabwe) infants exposed to HIV-1.

Teaching Guatemalan Lay Midwives Acupressure: Outcomes and Lessons Learned.

Purpose: Lay midwives attend most births at home in Guatemala facing many challenges with limited resources. Current research demonstrates that acupressure can reduce preterm contractions and encourage post-term labor. Sharing acupressure techniques with lay midwives could improve birth outcomes in Guatemala.

Factors associated with retention in Quitline counseling for smoking cessation among HIV-positive smokers receiving care at HIV outpatient clinics in Vietnam.

Background: Quitline counseling is an effective method for supporting smoking cessation, offering personalized and accessible assistance. Tobacco use is a significant public health issue among people living with HIV. In Vietnam, over 50% of men living with HIV use tobacco.

High-performance 2D electronic devices enabled by strong and tough two-dimensional polymer with ultra-low dielectric constant.

As the feature size of microelectronic circuits is scaling down to nanometer order, the increasing interconnect crosstalk, resistance-capacitance (RC) delay and power consumption can limit the chip performance and reliability. To address these challenges, new low-k dielectric (k < 2) materials need to be developed to replace current silicon dioxide (k = 3.9) or SiCOH, etc.

Complete centered finite difference method for Helmholtz equation.

A new approach in the finite difference framework is developed, which consists of three steps: choosing the dimension of the local approximation subspace, constructing a vector basis for this subspace, and determining the coefficients of the linear combination. New schemes were developed to form the basis of the local approximation subspace, which were derived by approximating only the k 2 u term of the Helmholtz equation. The construction of a basis of the local approximation subspace allows the new approach to be able to represent any finite difference scheme that belongs to this subspace.

Evaluation of Educational Activity with Guatemalan Birth Attendants About Helping Babies Breathe.

Guatemala's Infant Mortality Rate was 20th highest in the world at 18 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022. Part of the problem is lay midwives (LMs) who attend most births at home lack training in helping babies breathe (HBB). LMs transfer babies struggling to breathe to firefighters (FF).

Lack of pragmatic attitude of self-labelled pragmatic trials on manual therapy: a methodological review.

Background: Pragmatic randomized controlled trials are getting more interest to improve trials' external validity. This study aimed to assess how pragmatic the design of the self-labelled pragmatic randomised controlled trials in the manual therapy field is.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for self-labelled pragmatic randomised controlled trials in the manual therapy field until January 2024 were included.

A large-scale examination of inductive biases shaping high-level visual representation in brains and machines.

The rapid release of high-performing computer vision models offers new potential to study the impact of different inductive biases on the emergent brain alignment of learned representations. Here, we perform controlled comparisons among a curated set of 224 diverse models to test the impact of specific model properties on visual brain predictivity - a process requiring over 1.8 billion regressions and 50.

Is Discrimination Widespread or Concentrated? Evaluating the Distribution of Anti-Black Discrimination in Judicial, Hiring, and Housing Decisions.

Is anti-Black discrimination concentrated among a discriminatory few, or widespread across many decision-makers? The handful of studies that have addressed this question have reached divergent conclusions, with some suggesting that discrimination follows the 80/20 rule (i.e., a Pareto distribution) and others suggesting that discrimination is normally distributed.

Creating Lasting Conditions for Meaningful Recess Reform: A 5-School Exploration.

Background: When well implemented, recess is a critical part of the school day for children's healthy development. We explored the implementation of a recess improvement process in 5 elementary schools across 3 states.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods implementation study in which we visited each school 3 times over 1 school year, collecting observational, interview, survey, and focus group data.

Contrastive learning explains the emergence and function of visual category-selective regions.

Modular and distributed coding theories of category selectivity along the human ventral visual stream have long existed in tension. Here, we present a reconciling framework-contrastive coding-based on a series of analyses relating category selectivity within biological and artificial neural networks. We discover that, in models trained with contrastive self-supervised objectives over a rich natural image diet, category-selective tuning naturally emerges for faces, bodies, scenes, and words.

Insight from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations into the supramolecular assembly of the aldo-keto reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi.

Context: Currently, Chagas disease represents an important public health problem affecting more than 8 million people worldwide. The vector of this disease is the Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) parasite. Our research specifically focuses on the structure and aggregation states of the enzyme aldo-keto reductase of Tc (TcAKR) reported in this parasite.

Volunteer Providers' Experience Referring Guatemalan Patients for Acupuncture Care in a Pilot, Integrated, Health Care Clinic.

Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of volunteer providers referring Guatemalan patients for acupuncture care during a 1-day, pilot, integrated, health care clinic.

Methods: In a partnership among the University of Utah College of Nursing and Refuge International, the integrated, health care clinic occurred at hospital in San Raymundo. Before the clinic, nursing faculty offered providers an overview of acupuncture care.

Differential effects of social versus monetary incentives on inhibitory control under acute inflammation.

While the impact of chronic, low-grade inflammation on cognitive functioning is documented in the context of neurodegenerative disease, less is known about the association between acute increases in inflammation and cognitive functioning in daily life. This study investigated how changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were associated with performance on an inhibitory control task, the go/no-go task. We further examined whether the opportunity to earn different incentive types (social or monetary) and magnitudes (high or low) was associated with differential performance on the task, depending on IL-6 levels.

Scaling models of visual working memory to natural images.

Over the last few decades, psychologists have developed precise quantitative models of human recall performance in visual working memory (VWM) tasks. However, these models are tailored to a particular class of artificial stimulus displays and simple feature reports from participants (e.g.

Impact of Dyspnea on Adults With Respiratory Symptoms Without a Defined Diagnosis.

Background: We investigated dyspnea; its associated risk factors; and its impact on health care utilization, quality of life, and work productivity in adults with undiagnosed respiratory symptoms.

Research Question: What is the impact of dyspnea in adults with undiagnosed respiratory symptoms?

Study Design And Methods: This population-based study included 2,857 adults who were experiencing respiratory symptoms. These individuals had not been previously diagnosed with any lung conditions and were recruited from 17 Canadian centers using random digit dialing.