Olaparib as treatment for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer by BRCA mutation and homologous recombination deficiency: Phase 2 LIGHT study final overall survival analysis.

Background: LIGHT (oLaparib In HRD-Grouped Tumor types; NCT02983799) prospectively evaluated olaparib treatment in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) assigned to cohorts by known BRCA mutation (BRCAm) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status: germline BRCAm (gBRCAm), somatic BRCAm (sBRCAm), HRD-positive non-BRCAm, and HRD-negative. At the primary analysis, olaparib treatment demonstrated activity across all cohorts, with greatest efficacy in terms of objective response rate and progression-free survival observed in the g/sBRCAm cohorts. The authors report final overall survival (OS).

Anaemia, blood transfusions and survival in high-grade endometrial cancer: retrospective study.

Objective: To determine if anaemia and blood transfusions in the perioperative, chemotherapy and radiation treatment periods are associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in high-grade endometrial cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients at a single centre treated for high-grade endometrial cancer (2010-2023). This included International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 3 endometrioid, serous, carcinosarcoma, mixed, clear cell, mucinous, dedifferentiated and undifferentiated histology.

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Patients Who Received or Declined Nissen Fundoplication.

Objective: To evaluate whether Robotic or Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (LNF) improves voice outcomes and symptoms in patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) compared to patients who were candidates for surgery but elected to receive treatment with antireflux medical management alone.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who visited the office of the senior author, received a diagnosis of LPR, and were candidates for LNF.

Docetaxel induced myositis in the treatment of uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A case report and review of literature.

•First reported case of Docetaxel Induced Myositis in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma treatment.•Docetaxel Induced Myositis diagnosed muscle pain and weakness, elevated CK and imaging.•Treatment with corticosteroids and physiotherapy showed recovery in 3 months.

Global distribution and career outcomes of international fellows trained in Canadian gynecologic oncology programs.

Objective: We assessed the global distribution and academic, administrative and research outcomes of international fellows (IFs) trained in Canadian gynecologic oncology (GO) programs.

Methods: A web-based survey was sent to IFs who completed GO training in Canada. Using the Web of science database, we identified the publication list, citation record and H-index of IFs and classified them according to their region of practice: high-income countries (HIC), middle income countries (MIC), and low-income countries (LIC).

Crystal Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Patterns with Generative Machine Learning.

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a cornerstone technique in materials characterization. However, complete structure determination from PXRD patterns alone remains time-consuming and is often intractable, especially for novel materials. Current machine learning (ML) approaches to PXRD analysis predict only a subset of the total information that comprises a crystal structure.

Effects of a Proprietary Kelp Blend Product on Enteric Methane Production and Tissue Residues in Cattle.

Three experiments were performed investigating bovine enteric methane (CH) production inhibition using a proprietary kelp blend product (PKBP) containing a halogenated methane analog (i.e., bromoform).

Safety of vaginal surgery for early-stage cervical cancer: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Objective: Abdominal Radical hysterectomy (ARH) with pelvic lymph node assessment is considered the standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer. Accepted routes have previously included laparoscopic or robotic approaches (LRH). Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal or vaginal radical hysterectomy (LVRH) are performed in some centers.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating Perioperative Risk-Stratification and Risk-Based, Protocol-Driven Management After Elective Major Cancer Surgery.

Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of risk-based, protocol-driven management versus (vs) usual management after elective major cancer surgery to reduce 30-day rates of postoperative death or serious complications (DSC) .

Summary Background Data: Major cancer surgery is associated with significant perioperative risks which result in worse long-term outcomes.

Methods: Adults scheduled for elective major cancer surgery were stratified/randomized to risk-based escalating levels of care, monitoring, and co-management vs usual management.

Follow-up of women with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ treated by conization: A single centre clinical experience.

Objective: Hysterectomy has been the historical gold standard final step in the treatment algorithm of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) recommended by most North American colposcopy guidelines. AIS disproportionately affects young childbearing age women, therefore a fertility sparing treatment option is desirable. Our study examines the impact of conservative treatment of AIS with conization followed by serial surveillance.

Ovarian Cancer in the Older Manitoban Population-Treatment Tolerance and Cancer-Related Outcomes: A Manitoba Ovarian Cancer Outcomes (MOCO) Group Study.

Background: In Canada, individuals with gynecologic reproductive organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus) over the age of 70 comprise a large proportion of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. These patients often have co-morbidities, polypharmacy, or decreased functional status that may impact treatment initiation and tolerance. Despite this, there is limited evidence to guide treatment for older patients diagnosed with ovarian epithelial carcinoma.

Mixed Stochastic-Deterministic Approach for Many-Body Perturbation Theory Calculations.

We present an approach for GW calculations of quasiparticle energies with quasiquadratic scaling by approximating high-energy contributions to the Green's function in its Lehmann representation with effective stochastic vectors. The method is easy to implement without altering the GW code, converges rapidly with stochastic parameters, and treats systems of various dimensionality and screening response. Our calculations on a 5.

Pulsed Field Ablation Index-Guided Ablation for Lesion Formation: Impact of Contact Force and Number of Applications in the Ventricular Model.

Background: The effect of contact force (CF) on lesion formation is not clear during pulsed field ablation (PFA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of CF, PFA, and their interplay through the PFA index (PF index) formula on the ventricular lesion size in swine.

Methods: PFA was delivered through the CF-sensing OMNYPULSE catheter.

Effects of Pressure on Exciton Absorption and Emission in Strongly Quantum-Confined CsPbBr Quantum Dots and Nanoplatelets.

Soft lattices of metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs) are considered responsible for many of their optical properties associated with excitons, which are often distinct from other semiconductor NCs. Earlier studies of MHP NCs upon compression revealed how structural changes and the resulting changes in the optical properties such as the bandgap can be induced at relatively low pressures. However, the pressure response of the exciton transition itself in MHP NCs remains relatively poorly understood due to limitations inherent to studying weakly or nonconfined NCs in which exciton absorption peaks are not well-separated from the continuum interband transition.

Amantadine induced interface fluid formation after LASIK. A case report.

Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral interface fluid formation 2 years after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery caused by the side effect of amantadine.

Observations: A 47-year-old male patient with a history of Parkinson's disease treated with amantadine who had uneventful LASIK surgery in both eyes 2 years ago, presented with a decline in vision over the past 6 weeks. Results: Best corrected vision was 20/200 and 20/400 in the right and left eye respectively.

A regulatory circuit controlled by extranuclear and nuclear retinoic acid receptor α determines T cell activation and function.

Ligation of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) by RA promotes varied transcriptional programs associated with immune activation and tolerance, but genetic deletion approaches suggest the impact of RARα on TCR signaling. Here, we examined whether RARα would exert roles beyond transcriptional regulation. Specific deletion of the nuclear isoform of RARα revealed an RARα isoform in the cytoplasm of T cells.

Efficiency of round bale feeders: comparison of Tombstone versus Hay Saver.

Hay wastage when feeding round bales due to contamination, deterioration, and animal refusal can accrue large financial losses for farmers. The present study investigated the efficiency of the conventional Tombstone-style feeder system compared to the Hay Saver feeder system to reduce hay wastage in feeding round hay bales. Mares were distributed equally into two groups, Tombstone and Hay Saver, and fed six bales per group over 48 days.

Updates on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery protocols for plastic surgery of the breast and future directions.

Introduction: Perioperative pain control is an important component of any plastic surgery practice. Due to the incorporation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols, reported pain level, opioid consumption, and hospital length of stay numbers have decreased significantly. This article provides an up-to-date review of current ERAS protocols in use, reviews individual aspects of ERAS protocols, and discusses future directions for the continual improvement of ERAS protocols and control of postoperative pain.

Augmented Reality Microsurgery: Proof of Concept for a Novel Approach to Microsurgical Field Visualization in Plastic Surgery.

Background: Microsurgery is conducted on tiny anatomical structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Over the past few decades, little has changed in the way plastic surgeons visualize and interact with the microsurgical field. New advances in augmented reality (AR) technology present a novel method for microsurgical field visualization.

Surgical margin status in relation to surgical approach in the management of early-stage cervical Cancer: A Canadian cervical Cancer collaborative (4C) study.

Objective: Surgical margin status in women undergoing surgery for early-stage cervical cancer is an important prognostic factor. We sought to determine whether close (<3 mm) and positive surgical margins are associated with surgical approach and survival.

Methods: This is a national retrospective cohort study of cervical cancer patients treated with radical hysterectomy.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society guidelines for gynecologic oncology: Addressing implementation challenges - 2023 update.

Background: Despite evidence supporting its use, many Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) recommendations remain poorly adhered to and barriers to ERAS implementation persist. In this second updated ERAS® Society guideline, a consensus for optimal perioperative care in gynecologic oncology surgery is presented, with a specific emphasis on implementation challenges.

Methods: Based on the gaps identified by clinician stakeholder groups, nine implementation challenge topics were prioritized for review.

The Peptidyl-Prolyl isomerase, Pin1, associates with Protein Kinase C θ a critical Phospho-Thr-Pro motif in the V3 regulatory domain.

Protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ) is a member of the novel PKC subfamily known for its selective and predominant expression in T lymphocytes where it regulates essential functions required for T cell activation and proliferation. Our previous studies provided a mechanistic explanation for the recruitment of PKCθ to the center of the immunological synapse (IS) by demonstrating that a proline-rich (PR) motif within the V3 region in the regulatory domain of PKCθ is necessary and sufficient for PKCθ IS localization and function. Herein, we highlight the importance of Thr-Pro residue in the PR motif, the phosphorylation of which is key in the activation of PKCθ and its subsequent IS localization.

A rapidly evolving landscape: immune checkpoint inhibitors in pretreated metastatic endometrial cancer.

Background And Objectives: Endometrial cancer is a common malignancy and recurrences can be fatal. Although platinum-pretreated endometrial tumors are commonly treated with anthracyclines and taxanes, there is no current standard of care. Both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been extensively assessed in this setting, including tumors selected for DNA mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) and programmed death-ligand 1 expression status.

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine.

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is a hematopoietic cytokine that promotes the survival and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs). It has been used in tumor vaccines to activate innate immunity and enhance antitumor responses. This protocol demonstrates a therapeutic model using cell-based tumor vaccine consisting of Flt3L-expressing B16-F10 melanoma cells along with phenotypic and functional analysis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME).