Emulation of wildland fire spread simulation using deep learning.

Numerical simulation of wildland fire spread is useful to predict the locations that are likely to burn and to support decision in an operational context, notably for crisis situations and long-term planning. For short-term, the computational time of traditional simulators is too high to be tractable over large zones like a country or part of a country, especially for fire danger mapping. This issue is tackled by emulating the area of the burned surface returned after simulation of a fire igniting anywhere in Corsica island and spreading freely during one hour, with a wide range of possible environmental input conditions.

Spatial and numerical processing in children with non-verbal learning disabilities.

Consistently with the idea that numbers and space interact with each other, the present paper aimed to investigate the impact of non-verbal learning disabilities (NVLD) on spatial and numerical processing. In order to do so, 15 NVLD and 15 control children were required to perform different spatial (the line bisection and Simon tasks) and numerical tasks (the number bisection, number-to-position and numerical comparison tasks). In every task, NVLD children presented lower accuracy scores than the control group.

Antibody response to vaccines for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, and rabies in tigers (Panthera tigris) and lions (Panthera leo).

This article presents the results of a study of captive tigers (Panthera tigris) and lions (Panthera leo) vaccinated with a recombinant vaccine against feline leukemia virus; an inactivated adjuvanted vaccine against rabies virus; and a multivalent modified live vaccine against feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus. The aim of the study was to assess the immune response and safety of the vaccines and to compare the effects of the administration of single (1 ml) and double (2 ml) doses. The animals were separated into two groups and received either single or double doses of vaccines, followed by blood collection for serologic response for 400 days.

Role of beta1- and beta3-adrenoceptors in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis in rat brown adipocytes.

To evaluate the physiological functions of beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptors (ARs) in brown adipose tissue, the lipolytic and respiratory effects of various adrenergic agonists and antagonists were studied in rat brown adipocytes. The beta-agonists stimulated both lipolysis and respiration (8-10 times above basal levels), with the following order of potency (concentration eliciting 50% of maximum response): CL-316243 (beta3) > BRL-37344 (beta3) > isoproterenol (mainly beta1/beta2) > norepinephrine (NE; mainly beta1/beta2) > epinephrine (mainly beta1/beta2) >> dobutamine (beta1) >> procaterol (beta2). Schild plot coefficients of competitive inhibition experiments using ICI-89406 (beta1 antagonist) revealed that more than one type of receptor mediates NE action.

Beta 3-adrenoceptor in guinea pig brown and white adipocytes: low expression and lack of function.

In the guinea pig, cold acclimation induced a conversion of unilocular to multilocular adipocytes in interscapular (IS) and retroperitoneal (RP) fat depots but not in the epididymal (EP) fat pad. The conversion was associated with an increase in mitochondriogenesis and the appearance of the uncoupling protein. The maximal lipolytic responses to norepinephrine and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were decreased in IS cells, unchanged in RP cells, and increased in EP cells, suggesting a site-specific regulation of lipolysis at the postreceptor level.

The effect of alternative economic and genetic covariation structures on the relative economic gain from selection using stayability traits.

Three alternative cost ratios and the ratio of annual fixed cost for cows to net replacement cost for three populations that differed in genetic (co)variances were investigated. We studied their effect on the value of longevity records to supplement production records to achieve genetic gains for reducing the nonfeed cost of producing a unit of milk. Data files were constructed from stochastically generated production records and culling variant records; the later records represented the relative value for cow survival of all nonproduction traits.

Characterization of beta 1- and beta 3-adrenoceptors in intact brown adipocytes of the rat.

1. The binding properties of beta 1-, beta 2- and beta 3-adrenoceptors were determined in isolated brown adipocytes of the rat rather than in membrane preparations from tissue homogenates, because typical brown adipocytes represent only about 40% of the various cells present in brown adipose tissue. Binding characteristics were assessed with the hydrophilic beta-adrenoceptor radioligand, (-)-[3H]-CGP 12177.

Comparison of the lipolytic effects of norepinephrine and BRL 37344 in rat brown and white adipocytes.

The lipolytic effects of norepinephrine (a non-selective beta-agonist) and BRL 37344 (a selective beta3-agonist) were compared in isolated rat brown and white adipocytes. Norepinephrine and BRL 37344 maximally stimulated lipolysis in brown and white adipocytes, approximately 10 times above basal values. However, adipocyte sensitivity for BRL 37344 was greater than that for norepinephrine, particularly in brown adipocytes [the EC50 values (nM) for BRL 37344 and norepinephrine were 5 +/- 1 and 103 +/- 31 in brown adipocytes (P < 0.

[The bovine zona pellucida: differences in macromolecular composition between oocytes, pre-treated with A-23187 or not, and embryos].

The SDS-PAGE method was used to determine the composition of isolated bovine zona pellucida (ZP). This egg extracellular coat appears to be characterized by 3 major glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3), with apparent molecular weight (MW) of 80-70 kD, 66-63 kD and 60 kD, respectively, as revealed by 1-dimensional SDS-PAGE. After 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE, the zona pellucida electrophoretic pattern indicates a fourth glycoprotein, thus called ZP4.

Genetic value of herd life adjusted for milk production.

Cow herd life adjusted for lactational milk production was investigated as a genetic trait in the breeding objective. Under a simple model, the relative economic weight of milk to adjusted herd life on a per genetic standard deviation basis was equal to CVY/dCVL where CVY and CVL are the genetic coefficients of variation of milk production and adjusted herd life, respectively, and d is the depreciation per year per cow divided by the total fixed costs per year per cow. The relative economic value of milk to adjusted herd life at the prices and parameters for North America was about 3.

Relationships of first lactation milk and type traits to cow survival and a sire index for discounted total milk.

The probability of cow survival during each of six consecutive 13-mo periods after first calving was regressed on lactation milk yield and 15 type traits, each recorded during the first lactation. Adjusted coefficients of determination were small (.028 to .

Association of bovine lymphocyte antigens with milk fat percentage differences.

A group of 246 Holstein artificial insemination bulls was examined for associations of bovine lymphocyte antigens with differences in transmitting ability for milk and fat yield and fat percent. The mean fat percentage associated with the w10 allele was .15% greater than the mean for four other alleles.

Genetic parameters and environmental factors associated with type traits scored on an ordered scale during first lactation.

Sixty subjective and linearized type data were recorded on 7375 first lactation Holstein cows. Data were analyzed by paternal half-sister analysis for genetic parameters. One hundred and six sires were represented.

Mate selection by selection index theory.

Mate selection by selection index prediction of total merit in expected progeny is proposed as a rational basis for making recommendations in the choice of a bull to which a cow may be mated. Growth in USA of service programs recommending bulls to particular cows has motivated the need to rationalize mate selection processes. This paper illustrates that mate selection on the basis of highest index value for expected progeny among potential mates can justify special mate selection programs, when a nonlinear relationship exists between at least one trait in the index and merit.

Heritability of a linear combination of traits.

The heritability, h I (2) , of a linear combination of phenotypes, I, when defined as the ratio of the variance of the genetic index, σ g⋆ (2) *, to the variance of the index, σ I (2) , is shown to be different from the square of the correlation, r HI (2) , between the index and an arbitrary linear combination of genetic effects, H. The gain in H fror selection on I is shown to be proportional to h I (2) . bHg⋆ for any index.