Predicting control of cardiovascular disease risk factors in South Asia using machine learning.

A substantial share of patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) fail to achieve control of CVD risk factors, but clinicians lack a structured approach to identify these patients. We applied machine learning to longitudinal data from two completed randomized controlled trials among 1502 individuals with diabetes in urban India and Pakistan. Using commonly available clinical data, we predict each individual's risk of failing to achieve CVD risk factor control goals or meaningful improvements in risk factors at one year after baseline.

Hyperoside attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by Nrf2 activation and ferroptosis inhibition.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs). Emerging evidence from clinical studies suggests that compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have shown promising therapeutic effects in treating sepsis-induced ALI. Hyperoside is a bioactive compound extracted from TCM.

Clinical Use of Home OCT Data to Manage Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

To investigate how home optical coherence tomography (OCT) influences the clinical decision-making of retina specialists for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). In this retrospective imaging review, 15 retina specialists each evaluated 10 home OCT data segments from 29 eyes being treated for nAMD. Based on OCT data, indications were identified for when eyes should be treated, which antivascular endothelial growth factor should be used, and the specific retinal fluid and time thresholds for notification.

Elevated Serum Levels of Osteopontin in Patients with Psoriasis: Is It Associated with Ocular Comorbidities?

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2-3% of the global population via immune-mediated mechanisms. Osteopontin plays a crucial role in T-helper 1- and T-helper 17-mediated illnesses, including psoriasis. Ocular complications in psoriasis have been reported, and their assessment is of significant importance.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy and an external pancreatic stent in risky patients: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: There is an ongoing debate about the most appropriate method for reconstructing the pancreas after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study assessed the impact of pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) with an external pancreatic stent on postoperative outcomes following PD in high-risk patients.

Patients And Methods: This study involves a propensity score-matched analysis of high-risk patients who underwent PD with PG reconstruction.

The Correlation Between Screen Time and the Probability of Developing Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of neurological, psychological, and developmental anomalies that manifest in early life, affecting individuals across all racial, cultural, and socioeconomic groups. Its prevalence has grown significantly over the past 20 years. Exposure to digital devices has increased alongside the rise in ASD prevalence.

An automated AI-powered IoT algorithm with data processing and noise elimination for plant monitoring and actuating.

This article aims to develop a novel Artificial Intelligence-powered Internet of Things (AI-powered IoT) system that can automatically monitor the conditions of the plant (crop) and apply the necessary action without human interaction. The system can remotely send a report on the plant conditions to the farmers through IoT, enabling them for tracking the healthiness of plants. Chili plant has been selected to test the proposed AI-powered IoT monitoring and actuating system as it is so sensitive to the soil moisture, weather changes and can be attacked by several types of diseases.

Multi-omics analysis elucidates the host-microbiome interplay in severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions in dairy cows.

Udder cleft dermatitis is a skin disease in dairy cattle that is characterized by painful, large open wounds between the udder halves or at the front udder attachment. Its impact on animal welfare and production warrants an in-depth investigation of its pathogenesis. The present study delves into the pathophysiology of severe udder cleft dermatitis, employing a multi-omics approach by integrating transcriptomic and metagenomic data obtained from samples of severe udder cleft dermatitis lesions and healthy udder skin of dairy cattle.

Salicylic Acid Mitigates Cadmium Stress in Wheat: Experimental Insights Into Growth and Biochemical Parameters.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of salicylic acid (SA) on wheat subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress. The experiments were conducted during the winter season of 2022-2023 (November to February) at the University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan. The study involved four wheat varieties: Akbar-2019, Galaxy-2013, Ujala-16, and Chakwal-86.

Efficacy and safety of the FGF19 analog aldafermin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly concerning due to its rising prevalence. It encompasses conditions from simple steatosis to severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), posing risks such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess aldafermin, an FGF19 analog, for efficacy and safety in NASH patients.

Evaluating the performance of a virtual platform 'T-BOM' for mentorship in tropical diseases research among early career scientists: Insights from a pilot in Nigeria and other resource-limited settings.

Background: Research mentorship plays a crucial role in advancing science. However, there are limited virtual platforms for cultivating mentorship among early career infectious diseases researchers in resource challenged settings. This study reports the findings from the utilization of a recently developed virtual mentorship platform, including its achievements, challenges and needs.

A scoping review and hypothetical framework about the interplay between oxytocin and eating disorders.

Introduction: Despite emerging evidence on oxytocin's role in eating disorders,there is a need for a comprehensive review to integrate findings across neurobiological, genetic, hormonal, and therapeutic dimensions. This scoping review synthesizes existing literature on OXT's role in EDs and proposes a new theoretical perspective based on diverse research findings.

Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we systematically synthesized all peer-reviewed articles indexed on PubMed which focused on both OXT and EDs as of December 2023 (k = 32 studies, n = 1942 participants).

The accuracy and adequacy of rapid on-site evaluation conducted by trained pulmonologist on transbronchial needle aspiration samples: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The effective deployment of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) requires the availability of a cytologist/pathologist. Several studies investigated the capability of trained pulmonologists to assess the adequacy and validity of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) samples. This study aimed to determine the validity and adequacy of ROSE by pulmonologists (P-ROSE).

Characterization and genomic analysis of the highly virulent ST1791 strain dominating in Anhui, China.

The multidrug-resistant clonal complex 92 is spreading worldwide due to its high-frequency gene mutation and recombination, posing a significant threat to global medical and health safety. Between November 2021 and April 2022, a total of 132 clinical isolates were collected from a tertiary hospital in China. Their growth ability and virulence of these isolates were assessed using growth curve analyses and the infection model.

Effect of Therapeutic Pars Plana Vitrectomy on Total Immunosuppression Load in Patients with Non-Infectious Uveitis.

Purpose: The anti-inflammatory effect of therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of posterior segment uveitis is incompletely quantified. In this study, we evaluated the change in total immunosuppression load (TIL) following PPV for the eyes of patients with non-infectious uveitis.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with non-infectious posterior segment uveitis on continuous anti-inflammatory therapy (systemic corticosteroids ± immunomodulatory therapy [IMT]) ±3 months, who received therapeutic PPV for non-resolving inflammation.

Association between acromion morphological parameters and rotator cuff tears in Somali population-a three-dimensional computed tomographic study.

Background: Previous research has established connections between the acromion index (AI), critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and lateral acromion angle (LAA) with the incidence of rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Despite numerous international studies exploring the variability of shoulder joint morphology and parameters, research incorporating these parameters has yet to be conducted in Somalia. This study aims to analyze and describe the radiological parameters of acromion morphology in the Somali populations.

Gemcitabine-cisplatin induction treatment in patients with locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (IMPACCA): A prospective registration study.

Background: Induction treatment may be beneficial in patients with unresectable locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (LAPCCA). Prospective studies are currently lacking. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin as induction treatment in patients with unresectable LAPCCA.

A Public Health‒Community Partnership to Address Lead Poisoning in King County, Washington.

To strengthen lead poisoning prevention efforts among Afghan children, King County, Washington's Hazardous Waste Management Program partnered with Afghan Health Initiative, a community-based organization. The partnership arranged culturally tailored home visits and follow-ups, in which a health environment investigator and a community health advocate identified lead exposure risks and offered parents guidance. The involvement of an Afghan-led organization significantly increased community responsiveness and case management opportunities, demonstrating how public health‒community collaborations can address health challenges disproportionately affecting refugees and immigrants.

An extensive image dataset for deep learning-based classification of rice kernel varieties in Bangladesh.

This article introduces a comprehensive dataset developed in collaboration with the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) and the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), featuring high-resolution images of 38 local rice varieties. Captured using advanced microscopic cameras, the dataset comprises 19,000 original images, enhanced through data augmentation techniques to include an additional 57,000 images, totaling 76,000 images. These techniques, which include transformations such as scaling, rotation, and lighting adjustments, enrich the dataset by simulating various environmental conditions, providing a broader perspective on each variety.

A clinical audit on longer-term stroke management as a specific service in a primary care setting: Assessing adherence of service and clinical parameters.

Primary-care long-term stroke care service offers comprehensive management at the community level. A clinical audit was carried out to assess the services of this clinic as compared to the established standardized criteria for longer-term stroke care.A retrospective audit was performed to evaluate the adherence to service parameters based on eleven criteria adapted from the Canadian Post-Stroke Checklist.