and Are Appropriate Reference Genes for Splenic Neutrophils Isolated from Healthy or Tumor-Bearing Mice.

/: Neutrophils have recently gained significant attention due to their heterogeneity in tumor settings. The gene expression profiles of neutrophils from different tumor types are of great interest. Murine splenic neutrophils reflect the immune status of the organism and could be a source of tumor-associated neutrophils in tumor-bearing mice.

Three-Dimensional Model Analysis Revealed Differential Cytotoxic Effects of the NK-92 Cell Line and Primary NK Cells on Breast and Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines Mediated by Variations in Receptor-Ligand Interactions and Soluble Factor Profiles.

The functional activity of a certain tumor determines the effectiveness of primary NK cells and NK-92 cell line-based cancer therapy; their therapeutic effectiveness against different tumors can vary. This work provides a direct simultaneous comparison of the cytotoxic effects of in vitro-activated peripheral NK (pNK) cells and NK-92 cells in spheroid models of BT-474, MCF7 and SKOV-3 carcinomas and uncovers the reasons for the differential effectiveness of NK cells against tumors. Tumor spheroids of similar size and shape, obtained from agarose molds, were incubated with NK-92 or pNK cells for 24 h.

Ethnicity and the Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Eastern Siberia PCOS Epidemiology and Phenotype Study.

Context: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may vary according to race/ethnicity, although a few studies have assessed women of different ethnicities who live in similar geographic and socioeconomic conditions.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of PCOS in an unselected multiethnic population of premenopausal women.

Design: A multicenter prospective cross-sectional study.

[Efficacy and safety of undenatured type II collagen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial].

Background: Non-pharmacological treatments based on collagen as a dietary supplement are emerging as a new area of interest to support preventive or therapeutic effects in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Aim: In a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of the Artneo complex containing undenatured chicken collagen type II in patients with OA of the knee joints.

Materials And Methods: The study enrolled 212 outpatients from 12 centers in the Russian Federation with knee OA, stages II and III according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification.

[Relationship between hypercholesterolemia and osteoarthritis (preliminary results)].

Aim: To evaluate the relationship of hypercholesterolemia (HCE) with clinical, instrumental, and laboratory parameters in osteoarthritis (OA) in a multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Materials And Methods: The study included 183 patients aged 40-75 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of stage I-III OA (ACR) of the knee joints, who signed an informed consent. The mean age was 55.

Tumor- and Fibroblast-Derived Cell-Free DNAs Differently Affect the Progression of B16 Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo.

It is widely postulated that the majority of pathologically elevated extracellular or cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cancer originates from tumor cells; however, evidence has emerged regarding the significant contributions of other cells from the tumor microenvironment. Here, the effect of cfDNA originating from murine B16 melanoma cells and L929 fibroblasts on B16 cells was investigated. It was found that cfDNAL929 increased the viability and migration properties of B16 cells in vitro and their invasiveness in vivo.

[Factors of the hemostasis system as biomarkers of severe course of acute viral infections].

The authors give literature review of hemostasis and immune system factors intraction as main biomarkers of a severe cause of viral infectious diseases. Pro-inflamatory cytokines as the main markers of inflammation, can serve both as biomarkers of the clinical severity of the infectious process and reflect the state of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems, since components of these systems are present in various structures of the central nervous system and affect the development of neurons and synaptic plasticity. An inverse correlation has been proven between the concentration of D-dimer and the oxygenation index, and the development of DIC is not associated with the presence of respiratory failure in patients with influenza type A, while the ferritin concentration directly reflects the severity of the disease.

Targeted Delivery of HSP70 to Tumor Cells via Supramolecular Complex Based on HER2-Specific DARPin9_29 and the Barnase:Barstar Pair.

(1) Background: We have previously shown that the use of an artificial supramolecular two-component system based on chimeric recombinant proteins 4D5scFv-barnase and barstar-heat shock protein 70 KDa (HSP70) allows targeted delivery of HSP70 to the surface of tumor cells bearing HER2/neu antigen. In this work, we studied the possibility to using DARPin9_29-barnase as the first targeting module recognizing HER2/neu-antigen in the HSP70 delivery system. (2) Methods: The effect of the developed systems for HSP70 delivery to human carcinomas SK-BR-3 and BT474 cells hyperexpressing HER2/neu on the activation of cytotoxic effectors of the immune cells was studied in vitro.

Transcriptomic-Based Microenvironment Classification Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has hindered the development of reliable predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy and immunomodulatory strategies. A comprehensive characterization of the TME is necessary to advance precision therapeutics in PDAC.

Methods: A transcriptomic profiling platform for TME classification based on functional gene signatures was applied to 14 publicly available PDAC datasets (n = 1657) and validated in a clinically annotated independent cohort of patients with PDAC (n = 79).

[Study of the safety and immunogenicity of VLP-based vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus infection in neonatal minipig model].

Introduction: In Russia, almost half of the cases of acute intestinal infections of established etiology in 2022 are due to rotavirus infection (RVI). There is no specific treatment for rotavirus gastroenteritis. There is a need to develop modern, effective and safe vaccines to combat rotavirus infection that are not capable of multiplying (replicating) in the body of the vaccinated person.

A Comparative Study of Different Protocols for Isolation of Murine Neutrophils from Bone Marrow and Spleen.

Neutrophils are considered as the main player in innate immunity. In the last few years, it has been shown that they are involved in different physiological conditions and diseases. However, progress in the field of neutrophil biology is relatively slow due to existing difficulties in neutrophil isolation and maintenance in culture.

What We Should Expect from an Innovative Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Product: Expert Opinion Based on a Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Background: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) products are often used in the treatment of adults with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The International Symposium on Intra-Articular Treatment (ISIAT) convened a multidisciplinary technical expert panel to define characteristics for an innovative IAHA product that should answer unmet needs in the clinical management of adults with mild-to-moderate KOA.

Methods: An initial set of evidence-based statements was developed based on data extracted from articles identified through a comprehensive literature search.

The Effect of Cell-Free DNA from Blood Serum of Mice with Metastatic Melanoma on Enhancement of Oncogenic Properties of Melanoma Cells.

Currently, a significant increase in the levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients is considered as a generally recognized marker of the development of oncological diseases. Although the tumor-associated cfDNA has been well studied, its biological functions remain unclear. In this work, we investigated the effect of cfDNA isolated from the blood serum of the mice with B16-F10 metastatic melanoma on the properties of the B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro.

[Balloon dilation treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in children].

Purpose: Investigation of the results of ureteral stricture single balloon dilation in children with primary obstructive megaureter.

Materials And Methods: Since 2012 to 2020 79 children (65 boys and 15 girls) with primary obstructive megaureter of II and III grades who had 92 affected ureters were operated on by method of ureteral stricture balloon dilation. Duration of postoperative stenting period was Me=68 [48; 91] days, bladder catheterization period - Me=15 [5; 61] days.

Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine combination in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: A long-term observational study in Russia.

Background: Oral treatment of glucosamine (GA) combined with chondroitin sulfate (CS) was reportedly effective for pain relief and function improvement in osteoarthritis patients with moderate to severe knee pain in clinical trials. While the effectiveness of GA and CS on both clinical and radiological findings has been demonstrated, only a few high-quality trials exist. Therefore, controversy regarding their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains.

Early Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (EOAQ): a tool to assess knee osteoarthritis at initial stage.

Background: Early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by joint stiffness and pain as well as by subclinical structural changes that may affect cartilage, synovium, and bone. At the moment, the lack of a validated definition of early osteoarthritis (EOA) does not allow to make an early diagnosis and adopt a therapeutic strategy to slow disease progression. Also, no questionnaires are available to evaluate the early stage, and therefore this remains an unmet need.

Diverse Neutrophil Functions in Cancer and Promising Neutrophil-Based Cancer Therapies.

Neutrophils represent the most abundant cell type of leukocytes in the human blood and have been considered a vital player in the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Recently, several studies showed that neutrophils play an active role in the immune response during cancer development. They exhibited both pro-oncogenic and anti-tumor activities under the influence of various mediators in the tumor microenvironment.

Recovery and genome reconstruction of novel magnetotactic Elusimicrobiota from bog soil.

Studying the minor part of the uncultivated microbial majority ("rare biosphere") is difficult even with modern culture-independent techniques. The enormity of microbial diversity creates particular challenges for investigating low-abundance microbial populations in soils. Strategies for selective sample enrichment to reduce community complexity can aid in studying the rare biosphere.

[Xalacom: possibilities and advantages of the drug in the treatment of patients with glaucoma].

The strategy of glaucoma therapy is aimed at preserving visual functions and ensuring an acceptable quality of life for patients. To achieve this strategic goal, clinicians in their practice use drugs that affect the main factor in the progression of the disease - intraocular pressure (IOP), aiming to reduce it to an individual target level. It is not always possible to achieve optimal IOP values with monotherapy.

[Immunopatological and genetic aspects of pathogenesis of CNS lesions in VZV infection].

The review article provides information about the features of the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), about the clinical manifestations of CNS damage in acute and chronic VZV infection in children and adults, about the mechanisms of interaction of the pathogen with the immune system during the development of the disease. The question of whether to consider neurological disorders in VZV infection as a complication or manifestation of the disease caused by a defective virus or the presence of subclinical immunodeficiency is discussed, which is confirmed by modern scientific studies. The critical mechanisms of immune defense against VZV, which are the main reason for the penetration of the virus into the CNS and the development of neurological disorders, as well as the relationship between VZV genotypes, the presence of mutations in the gE gene and the nature of the course, the identification of rare variants of the POLR3A, POLR3C, POLR3E and POLR3F genes associated with violation of IFNs induction, and the development of severe VZV infection, in which vasculopathy also occurs, which is the basis for the use of vascular drugs of complex action, such as Cytoflavin, the effectiveness of which has been proven by the authors.

Corynebacterium spp.: relationship of pathogenic properties and antimicrobial resistance.

Corynebacterium spp. are part of the human microbiome, but can cause the development of inflammatory diseases of various localization. Purpose - to evaluate the relationship between pathogenic properties and resistance to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) of Corynebacterium spp.

Systematic Literature Review and Expert Opinion for the Use of Viscosupplementation with Hyaluronic Acid in Different Localizations of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant cause of disability. Considering the increasing diffusion of the viscosupplementation (VS) with hyaluronic acid (HA), the International Symposium Intra Articular Treatment (ISIAT) appointed a Technical Expert Panel (TEP) to identify the criteria for successful VS with a specific HA in OA; this through a systematic literature review (SLR), performed following the PRISMA guidelines interrogating Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Grey Matters and American College of Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR) databases and the opinion of international experts. The research included only studies on adults and humans without limitations of language or time of publication.

Role of Cell-Free DNA and Deoxyribonucleases in Tumor Progression.

Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. cfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes.

Human Recombinant DNase I (Pulmozyme) Inhibits Lung Metastases in Murine Metastatic B16 Melanoma Model That Correlates with Restoration of the DNase Activity and the Decrease SINE/LINE and c-Myc Fragments in Blood Cell-Free DNA.

Tumor-associated cell-free DNAs (cfDNA) play an important role in the promotion of metastases. Previous studies proved the high antimetastatic potential of bovine pancreatic DNase I and identified short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)and fragments of oncogenes in cfDNA as the main molecular targets of enzyme in the bloodstream. Here, recombinant human DNase I (commercial name Pulmozyme), which is used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in humans, was repurposed for the inhibition of lung metastases in the B16 melanoma model in mice.

[Pathophysiological mechanisms of the therapeutic action of alternating electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarticular pathology].

Treatment of osteoarticular pathology with an alternating electromagnetic field (AEMF) is used today as a promising, non-invasive and safe strategy of physiotherapy. It has been shown that the action of alternating electromagnetic fields on the musculoskeletal system triggers signaling cascades that effectively contribute to the restoration of bone and articular tissue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cellular and subcellular effects of stimulation by an alternating electromagnetic field during the restoration of bone and articular tissue are considered.