Outcomes and physiologic responses associated with ketamine administration after traumatic brain injury in the United States and Canada: a retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Ketamine has historically been contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to concern for raising intracranial pressure. However, it is increasingly being used in TBI due to the favorable respiratory and hemodynamic properties. To date, no studies have evaluated whether ketamine administered in subjects with TBI is associated with patient survival or disability.

Autonomy and freedom of choice: A mixed methods analysis of the endorsement of SRHR and its core principles by global agencies.

Based on an adapted version of the conceptual framework used by the Guttmacher-Lancet Commission on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), this study sought to analyse to what extent seven global agencies, five of which belong to the UN family and the other two closely linked, incorporate women's autonomy and freedom of choice in accessing services into their SRHR policies, and how they operationalize these in their global SRHR programmes that target women and adolescent girls. Twenty-nine SRHR-related policy documents published in 2013-2020 and 17 independent evaluations of global SRHR programmes in the same period were analysed. They were found to fall short of considering women's individual autonomy and choice as the two core principles of SRHR.

Expected Pass Turnovers (xPT) - a model to analyse turnovers from passing events in football.

The aim of this study was to create a novel metric, Expected Pass Turnovers (xPT), that could evaluate possession retention from player-passing events in football. Event and positional data were analysed from all 380 matches in the 2020/21 English Premier League season, which encompassed 256,433 passes in the final dataset. A logistic mixed-effects model was implemented to attribute the probability of each pass getting turned over.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: A rare cause of amenorrhea in a patient with normal stature and secondary sexual characteristics.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare disorder characterized by the imaging triad of thinned or absent pituitary stalk, ectopic posterior pituitary lobe, and hypoplastic or absent anterior lobe. Patients typically present with 1 or more anterior pituitary lobe hormone deficits, most commonly growth hormone or gonadotropin, but patients may achieve normal stature and secondary sexual characteristics. Here, we present a case of a young female patient presenting with amenorrhea, normal stature, and sexual development, and an imaging triad of PSIS.

Somatic mutations inferred from RNA-seq data highlight the contribution of replication timing to mutation rate variation in a model plant.

Variation in the rates and characteristics of germline and somatic mutations across the genome of an organism is informative about DNA damage and repair processes and can also shed light on aspects of organism physiology and evolution. We adapted a recently developed method for inferring somatic mutations from bulk RNA-seq data and applied it to a large collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The wide range of genomic data types available for A.

Implementation of probe rheology simulation technique in atomistically detailed molecular dynamics simulations.

The probe rheology simulation technique is a technique for measuring the viscosity of a fluid by measuring the motion of an inserted probe particle. This approach has the benefit of greater potential accuracy at a lower computational cost than other conventional simulation techniques used for the calculation of mechanical properties, such as the Green-Kubo approach and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, and the potential to allow for sampling local variations of properties. This approach is implemented and demonstrated for atomistically detailed models.

Non-Equilibrium Fractionation Factors for D/H and O/O During Oceanic Evaporation in the North-West Atlantic Region.

Ocean isotopic evaporation models, such as the Craig-Gordon model, rely on the description of nonequilibrium fractionation factors that are, in general, poorly constrained. To date, only a few gradient-diffusion type measurements have been performed in ocean settings to test the validity of the commonly used parametrization of nonequilibrium isotopic fractionation during ocean evaporation. In this work, we present 6 months of water vapor isotopic observations collected from a meteorological tower located in the northwest Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda) with the objective of estimating nonequilibrium fractionation factors (, ‰) for ocean evaporation and their wind speed dependency.

Visuomotor learning promotes visually evoked activity in the medial prefrontal cortex.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is necessary for executing many learned associations between stimuli and movement. It is unclear, however, how activity in the mPFC evolves across learning, and how this activity correlates with sensory stimuli and the learned movements they evoke. To address these questions, we record cortical activity with widefield calcium imaging while mice learned to associate a visual stimulus with a forelimb movement.

Topologically Precise and Discrete Bottlebrush Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure-Property Relationships.

As the complexity of polymer structure grows, so do the challenges for developing an accurate understanding of their structure-property relationships. Here, the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers with topologically precise and fully discrete structures is reported. A key feature of the strategy is the synthesis of discrete macromonomer libraries for their polymerization into topologically precise bottlebrushes that can be separated into discrete bottlebrushes ( = 1.

Aerosol responses to precipitation along North American air trajectories arriving at Bermuda.

North American pollution outflow is ubiquitous over the western North Atlantic Ocean, especially in winter, making this location a suitable natural laboratory for investigating the impact of precipitation on aerosol particles along air mass trajectories. We take advantage of observational data collected at Bermuda to seasonally assess the sensitivity of aerosol mass concentrations and volume size distributions to accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT). The mass concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.

An Aerosol Climatology and Implications for Clouds at a Remote Marine Site: Case Study Over Bermuda.

Aerosol characteristics and aerosol-cloud interactions remain uncertain in remote marine regions. We use over a decade of data (2000-2012) from the NASA AErosol RObotic NETwork, aerosol and wet deposition samples, satellite remote sensors, and models to examine aerosol and cloud droplet number characteristics at a representative open ocean site (Bermuda) over the Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO). Annual mean values were as follows: aerosol optical depth (AOD) = 0.

Longitudinal Course of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers for the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes: A Review.

Protein biomarkers are often measured at hospital presentation to diagnose traumatic brain injury (TBI) and predict patient outcomes. However, a biomarker measurement at this single time point is no more accurate at predicting patient outcomes than less invasive and more cost-effective methods. Here, we review evidence that TBI biomarkers provide greater prognostic value when measured repeatedly over time, such that a trajectory of biomarker concentrations can be evaluated.

Striatal activity topographically reflects cortical activity.

The cortex projects to the dorsal striatum topographically to regulate behaviour, but spiking activity in the two structures has previously been reported to have markedly different relations to sensorimotor events. Here we show that the relationship between activity in the cortex and striatum is spatiotemporally precise, topographic, causal and invariant to behaviour. We simultaneously recorded activity across large regions of the cortex and across the width of the dorsal striatum in mice that performed a visually guided task.

Cortical State Fluctuations during Sensory Decision Making.

In many behavioral tasks, cortex enters a desynchronized state where low-frequency fluctuations in population activity are suppressed. The precise behavioral correlates of desynchronization and its global organization are unclear. One hypothesis holds that desynchronization enhances stimulus coding in the relevant sensory cortex.

Phase behavior of AB/CD diblock copolymer blends via coarse-grained simulation.

The phase diagram of equimolar blends of AB and CD diblock copolymers has been studied using dissipative particle dynamics. All unlike blocks interacted with the same χ, except for the B-C interaction, for which χ < 0 in order to prevent macrophase separation. The BC interaction was able to prevent macrophase separation except for low volume fractions of B and C (φ⪅ 0.

Solicitous and invalidating responses are associated with health-care visits in fibromyalgia.

Objectives: Health-care use in FM is substantial. Besides the severity of the disease and psychological factors, previous research suggests that the social environment can influence patients' health-care use. In this study, we describe health-care use in patients with FM and investigate the relationship of social responses of the partner and family with health-care use.

Ketamine Alters Hippocampal Cell Proliferation and Improves Learning in Mice after Traumatic Brain Injury.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Traumatic brain injury induces cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, which generates new neurons and glial cells during recovery. This process is regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors, which are inhibited by ketamine. The authors hypothesized that ketamine treatment after traumatic brain injury would reduce hippocampal cell proliferation, leading to worse behavioral outcomes in mice.

Aberrant Cortical Activity in Multiple GCaMP6-Expressing Transgenic Mouse Lines.

Transgenic mouse lines are invaluable tools for neuroscience but, as with any technique, care must be taken to ensure that the tool itself does not unduly affect the system under study. Here we report aberrant electrical activity, similar to interictal spikes, and accompanying fluorescence events in some genotypes of transgenic mice expressing GCaMP6 genetically encoded calcium sensors. These epileptiform events have been observed particularly, but not exclusively, in mice with Emx1-Cre and Ai93 transgenes, of either sex, across multiple laboratories.

Reorganization of corticospinal output during motor learning.

Motor learning is accompanied by widespread changes within the motor cortex, but it is unknown whether these changes are ultimately funneled through a stable corticospinal output channel or whether the corticospinal output itself is plastic. We investigated the consistency of the relationship between corticospinal neuron activity and movement through in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in mice learning a lever-press task. Corticospinal neurons exhibited heterogeneous correlations with movement, with the majority of movement-modulated neurons decreasing activity during movement.

Learning in the Rodent Motor Cortex.

The motor cortex is far from a stable conduit for motor commands and instead undergoes significant changes during learning. An understanding of motor cortex plasticity has been advanced greatly using rodents as experimental animals. Two major focuses of this research have been on the connectivity and activity of the motor cortex.

Stable isotopes in the atmospheric marine boundary layer water vapour over the Atlantic Ocean, 2012-2015.

The water vapour isotopic composition (HO, HO and HHO) of the Atlantic marine boundary layer has been measured from 5 research vessels between 2012 and 2015. Using laser spectroscopy analysers, measurements have been carried out continuously on samples collected 10-20 meter above sea level. All the datasets have been carefully calibrated against the international VSMOW-SLAP scale following the same protocol to build a homogeneous dataset covering the Atlantic Ocean between 4°S to 63°N.

New Frontiers for Conditional Release: Applying Lessons Learned from Other Offenders with Mental Illness.

There is relatively little research in the literature on insanity acquittees as compared with the large number of studies focused on the supervision and treatment of probationers and parolees with mental illness. Ideally, the latter literature could be successfully applied to insanity acquittees discharged from an inpatient hospital on "conditional release." This article describes the challenges faced by persons on conditional release as well as the gaps in extant conditional release literature.

Simulation study of the effect of molar mass dispersity on domain interfacial roughness in lamellae forming block copolymers for directed self-assembly.

A coarse-grained molecular dynamics model was used to study the thin film self-assembly and resulting pattern properties of block copolymer (BCP) systems with various molar mass dispersities. Diblock copolymers (i.e.

Subtype-specific plasticity of inhibitory circuits in motor cortex during motor learning.

Motor skill learning induces long-lasting reorganization of dendritic spines, principal sites of excitatory synapses, in the motor cortex. However, mechanisms that regulate these excitatory synaptic changes remain poorly understood. Here, using in vivo two-photon imaging in awake mice, we found that learning-induced spine reorganization of layer (L) 2/3 excitatory neurons occurs in the distal branches of their apical dendrites in L1 but not in the perisomatic dendrites.