[Overestimation of the ocurrence of induced abortions in Colombia and other Latinoamerican countries].

Recently, the Guttmacher Institute estimated a number of 400,400 clandestine abortions for Colombia. Because of the strong implications that such brief could have in different areas of interest, a full revision of the methodology of estimation was performed. The methodology used by the Guttmacher Institute was as follows: first, the authors estimated the losses from spontaneous and induced abortions from the opinion of 289 subjects who work in an equal number of Colombian health institutions through the opinion survey entitled "Health Facilities Survey".

[Neoplastic effect of indomethacin in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats].

Background: High levels of prostaglandins found in many neoplastic tissues, especially in colon cancer and breast cancer, suggest a role of cyclooxygenase in the process of carcinogenesis.

Material And Methods: The aim of this study was to analyse the chemopreventive potential of non-steroidal inflammatory drug indomethacin and its combination with pineal hormone melatonin in rat mammary carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Indomethacin was administered 3 times a week and melatonin 4 times a week, both substances in a concentration of 20 µg/ml of drinking water.

Overcoming barriers in the management of hypertension: the experience of the cardiovascular health program in chilean primary health care centers.

Objective. To assess the blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in a population of hypertensive patients with access to care under a government-financed program, the Cardiovascular Health Program (CHP). Design.

Women's education level, maternal health facilities, abortion legislation and maternal deaths: a natural experiment in Chile from 1957 to 2007.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the main factors related to maternal mortality reduction in large time series available in Chile in context of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Methods: Time series of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from official data (National Institute of Statistics, 1957-2007) along with parallel time series of education years, income per capita, fertility rate (TFR), birth order, clean water, sanitary sewer, and delivery by skilled attendants were analysed using autoregressive models (ARIMA). Historical changes on the mortality trend including the effect of different educational and maternal health policies implemented in 1965, and legislation that prohibited abortion in 1989 were assessed utilizing segmented regression techniques.

The prevalence of cigarette smoking and its relation to certain risk predictors of cardiovascular diseases in central-Slovakian Roma children and adolescents.

The objective of the study was to determine some Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors in relation to cigarette smoking in 174 Roma children and adolescents (88 males and 86 females) and 131 non-Roma probands (males and females) aged 7-18 in central Slovakia. In this biethnic study, 26.4% of the Roma children and adolescents (more than twice contrary to the control group) were smokers.

Metabolic effects of pioglitazone in chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.

In this paper, the effect of peroral antidiabetic pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivate, on selected parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated. Pioglitazone was administered in the diet at two concentrations (10 ppm and 100 ppm), the chemoprevention was initiated 12 days before carcinogenesis induction and lasted until the termination of the experiment. The experiment was terminated 17 weeks after carcinogenesis induction, selected organs and tissues were removed and weighed and basic metabolic and hormonal parameters were determined.

Cardiovascular risk predictors in central Slovakian Roma children and adolescents: regional differences.

The objective of the study was to determine some Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors in 174 Roma children and adolescents (88 males and 86 females) aged 7-18 in 3 Central Slovakian cities (44 from Zilina, 39 from Bansk, Bystrica and 91 from Rimavská Sobota). Venous blood samples were drawn in the morning, after a 12 hour overnight fast for biochemical analysis. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were determined enzymatically.

Pioglitazone in chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.

Data available from in-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest oncostatic properties of peroral antidiabetics, thiazolidinediones, in many types of cancer. This study is the first report on the chemopreventive effect of pioglitazone in mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea administered in two intraperitoneal doses per 50 mg/kg bodyweight on the 43rd and 50th postnatal days.

Distribution and correlations of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Roma and Caucasian children: the Slovak Lipid Community Study.

Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol [total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol] is considered a better predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk than low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The Slovak Roma population have approximately 2.5-fold higher premature CHD mortality than the overall population.

Metformin in chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.

In this paper the chemopreventive effect of peroral antidiabetic metformin in mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) administered in two intraperitoneal doses each per 50 mg/kg b.w.

Celecoxib and melatonin in prevention of female rat mammary carcinogenesis.

The present experiment aims to evaluate tumor suppressive effects of a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) celecoxib (Celebrex, Pfizer) administered alone and in combination with melatonin in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley female rats. Celecoxib was administered daily at a concentration of 1.666 g/kg diet to two groups during 20 weeks (starting a week before first NMU application).

Prolonged melatonin administration in 6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats: metabolic alterations.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of prolonged melatonin administration on chosen metabolic and hormonal variables in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin was administered in tap water (4 microg/ml) daily from the 6th month of age. Rats were fed a standard type of diet ad libitum and were kept in a light regimen L:D--12:12h.

Effect of prolonged psychoemotional stress and melatonin on experimental mammary carcinogenesis in female rats.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether prolonged stress repeated immobilization in boxes during the period of 18 weeks (IMS) influenced development and progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats and whether long-term MEL application affected changes caused by stress. NMU was applied intraperitoneally in two doses each of 50 mg/kg b.w.

NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats is influenced by repeated psychoemotional stress.

Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate psychoemotional stress as an important factor in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of restraint stress on N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with two intraperitoneal NMU doses each per 50 mg/kg b.

Chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis in female rats by rofecoxib.

Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play role in the prevention of human neoplasia including mammary gland cancer. In this study, tumour suppressive effects of a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) rofecoxib in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated. Rofecoxib was dietary administered in two concentrations-0.

Variability of mammary carcinogenesis induction in female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar:Han rats: the effect of season and age.

It is important to determine and clarify the variability of mammary carcinogenesis induction in animal experimental studies particularly in connection with chemoprevention projects. The circannual seasonal rhythms of hormone levels or various parameters within the immune system may involve factors participating in mammary gland carcinogenesis. In our study, 19 experiments were conducted and all of them lasted for about 25 weeks after chemical carcinogen administration (DMBA or NMU) under standard laboratory conditions.

Nimesulide and melatonin in mammary carcinogenesis prevention in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Tumorsuppressive effects of a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) nimesulide (NIM) activity and pineal hormone melatonin (MEL) and their combination in two chemopreventive studies of mammary carcinogenesis were evaluated. Mamary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) and by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), respectively. The treatment with NIM (applied subcutaneously twice a week in the dose of 5 mg/kg b.

Effect of K, MG aspartate on some biological parameters of aging rats.

The effect of K and Mg salts of aspartic acid (Cardilan) on the serum concentration of selected proteins and phagocytic activity in aging male Wistar rats was investigated. Cardilan was administered in tap water for 7 days a month for 3 months before the last observed interval (12, 18 and 24 month). In a part of animals, the aging process was accelerated by sublethally gamma-irradiation.

Preventive effects of raloxifene and melatonin in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate preventive effects of raloxifene (RAL), melatonin (MEL) and their combination in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. MEL-treatment began 12 days and RAL treatment began 10 days prior to carcinogen administration and continued till the end of experiment (24 weeks after first carcinogen administration). RAL was administered subcutaneously twice a week in the dose of 5 mg/kg b.

Preventive effect of indomethacin and melatonin on 7, 12-dimethybenz/a/anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. A preliminary report.

The aim of the experiment was to analyse the oncostatic effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug INDO, hormone MEL and combination of both substances in DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female SD rats. Chemoprevention started 10 days before the application of the first dose of DMBA to 35-day-old rats. INDO was administered in tap water (20 microg/ml of water) for 3 days in a week (days 2, 4 and 6), MEL solution in the concentration of 20 microg/ml of tap water was administered between 3 p.

Effects of tamoxifen and melatonin on mammary gland cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, respectively, in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Chemopreventive effects were analysed of antioestrogen TAM and of MEL on NMU- or DMBA-induced mammary gland cancer, respectively, in female Sprague-Dawley rats. NMU was administered intraperitoneally in two doses each of 50 mg/kg b.w.

Repeated administration of carcinogen in critical developmental periods increases susceptibility of female Wistar: han rats to mammary carcinogenesis induction.

Analysis and knowledge of individual strain susceptibility of experimental animals to induction of carcinogenesis is important especially in regard to possibility of transfer of these facts to human pathology, first of all to chemopreventive projects. Our group (AHLERS et al. [1]) reported very low sensitivity of female Wistar:Han rats to induction of mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU).

Mammary carcinogenesis induced in Wistar:han rats by the combination of ionizing radiation and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene: prevention with melatonin.

The primary cancer chemoprevention is an important topic of experimental oncology. We have analyzed the possible oncostatic properties ofmelatonin in a combined model of radiation plus chemocarcinogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Virgin female rats of Wistar:Han strain were continuously irradiated with daily dose 96 mGy of gamma rays up to 15 days.

Effects of retinyl acetate and melatonin on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. A preliminary report.

The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of retinyl acetate (RA), melatonin (Mel) and their combination on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given two intraperitoneal doses of NMU, each of 50 mg/kg of b.w.