Imaging high jitter, very fast phenomena: A remedy for shutter lag.

Dielectric breakdown is an example of a natural phenomenon that occurs on very short time scales, making it incredibly difficult to capture optical images of the process. Event initiation jitter is one of the primary challenges, as even a microsecond of jitter time can cause the imaging attempt to fail. Initial attempts to capture images of dielectric breakdown using a gigahertz frame rate camera and an exploding bridge wire initiation were stymied by high initiation jitter.

Switchable Explosives: Performance Tuning of Fluid-Activated High Explosive Architectures.

We present our discovery of switchable high explosives (HEs) as a new class of energetic material that cannot detonate unless filled with a fluid. The performance of fluid-filled additive-manufactured HE lattices is herein evaluated by analysis of detonation velocity and Gurney energy. The Gurney energy of the unfilled lattice was 98% lower than that of the equivalent water-filled lattice and changing the fluid mechanical properties allowed tuning of the Gurney energy and detonation velocity by 8.

Early Mortality among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosed in Thuringia, Germany, between 1996 and 2016-A Population-Based Study.

Population-based studies on early mortality in head and neck cancer (HNC) are sparse. This retrospective population-based study investigated early mortality of HNC and the influence of patients' tumor and treatment characteristics. All 8288 patients with primary HNC of the German federal state Thuringia from 1996 to 2016 were included.

Role of Intraparotid and Neck Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Parotid Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Analysis.

This population-based study investigated the prognostic role of intraparotid (PAR) and cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis on overall survival (OS) of primary parotid cancer. All 345 patients (median age: 66 years; 43% female, 49% N+, 31% stage IV) of the Thuringian cancer registries with parotid cancer from 1996 to 2016 were included. OS was assessed in relation to the total number of removed PAR and cervical LN, number of positive intraparotid (PAR+), positive cervical LN, LN ratio, log odds of positive LN (LODDS), as well as including the PAR as LODDS-PAR.

Probing Parton Saturation and the Gluon Dipole via Diffractive Jet Production at the Electron-Ion Collider.

We demonstrate that hard dijet production via coherent inelastic diffraction is a promising channel for probing gluon saturation at the Electron-Ion Collider. By inelastic diffraction, we mean a process in which the two hard jets-a quark-antiquark pair generated by the decay of the virtual photon-are accompanied by a softer gluon jet, emitted by the quark or the antiquark. This process can be described as the elastic scattering of an effective gluon-gluon dipole.

Electromyography of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles: a consensus guideline.

Purpose: Since the introduction of transcutaneous-transcricoidal needle approaches, electromyography (EMG) of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) became easier to perform and teach. Among the Neurolaryngology working group of the European Laryngological Society, several centers have adopted PCA EMG as part of their routine EMG workup in vocal fold immobility collectively gathering long-term experience. The purpose is to give an update and an extension to already existing guidelines on laryngeal EMG with specific regard to PCA EMG.

Long-Term Facial Nerve Outcome in Primary Parotid Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine immediate postoperative and long-term facial nerve dysfunction after parotid cancer surgery, risk factors, and the role of facial reanimation surgery.

Study Design: Population-based long-term analysis for all new primary parotid carcinoma cases in Thuringia from 1996 to 2019.

Methods: Data of the cancer registries of Thuringia, a federal state in Germany, were analyzed in combination with hospital-based data on facial function.

Systemic therapy for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer: a population-based healthcare research study in Thuringia, Germany.

Purpose: Systemic therapy choice for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer (R/M HNC) is a challenge. Not much is known about systemic therapies used in daily clinical routine and their outcome.

Methods: Data of all 283 patients with R/M HNC (89.

Monolithic Nanoporous Gold Foams with Catalytic Activity for Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Carbon Nanostructures.

While bulk gold is generally considered to be a catalytically inactive material, nanostructured forms of gold can in fact be highly catalytically active. However, few methods exist for preparing high-purity macroscopic forms of catalytically active gold. In this work, we describe the synthesis of catalytically active macroscopic nanoporous gold foams via combustion synthesis of gold bis(tetrazolato)amine complexes.

Crumley's Classification of Laryngeal Synkinesis: A Comparison of Laryngoscopy and Electromyography.

Objectives/hypothesis: Applying the principles of misdirected nerve regeneration to the larynx, Roger Crumley in 1989 coined the term laryngeal synkinesis (LS) which he later (2000) classified into 4 types (type I - good voice, type II - involuntary twitches and poor voice, type III - adduction during inspiration, type IV - abduction during phonation). Neurophysiological data were not available for all LS patients at that time. The current study was undertaken to utilize and test the Crumley classification for a clinical interrater comparison and, secondly, compare predicted with actual laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) results.

Gender Disparities in Epidemiology, Treatment, and Outcome for Head and Neck Cancer in Germany: A Population-Based Long-Term Analysis from 1996 to 2016 of the Thuringian Cancer Registry.

This study determined with focus on gender disparity whether incidence based on age, tumor characteristics, patterns of care, and survival have changed in a population-based sample of 8288 German patients with head neck cancer (HNC) registered between 1996 and 2016 in Thuringia, a federal state in Germany. The average incidence was 26.13 ± 2.

Lanthanide Complexes of Bis(tetrazolato)amine: A Route to Lanthanide Nitride Foams.

Metal nitrides are strong refractory ceramic materials known for applications in the coatings, catalysis, and semiconductor industries. Lanthanide nitrides are difficult to prepare in high purity and often require high temperatures and sophisticated equipment. In this work, we present an approach to the synthesis of high-purity f-element nitrides through the use of simple lanthanide salts and the nitrogen-rich ligand 5,5'-bis(1H-tetrazolyl)amine (HBTA) to form lanthanide complexes of 5,5'-bis(tetrazolato)amine (BTA).

PCA Atrophy and Synkinesis as the Main Factors for Persistent Vocal Fold Immobility in RLN Paralysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: An immobile vocal fold due to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury usually shows no gross signs of atrophy and lies near the midline. In 1881, Felix Semon proposed that this phenomenon was due to a selective injury of nerve fibers supplying the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) and supported this with postmortem proof of selective PCA atrophy. In recent decades, evidence has emerged that the RLN regenerates after injury but does not always result in useful motion of the vocal folds.

Particle-number distribution in large fluctuations at the tip of branching random walks.

We investigate properties of the particle distribution near the tip of one-dimensional branching random walks at large times t, focusing on unusual realizations in which the rightmost lead particle is very far ahead of its expected position, but still within a distance smaller than the diffusion radius ∼sqrt[t]. Our approach consists in a study of the generating function G_{Δx}(λ)=∑_{n}λ^{n}p_{n}(Δx) for the probabilities p_{n}(Δx) of observing n particles in an interval of given size Δx from the lead particle to its left, fixing the position of the latter. This generating function can be expressed with the help of functions solving the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation with suitable initial conditions.

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Stimulator.

Electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a safe and promising therapeutic approach with the potentiality to overcome the shortcomings of conventional surgical glottal enlargement. Although aberrant or synkinetic reinnervation is commonly considered an unfavorable condition, particularly for recovery of vocal fold movement, its presence is essential to ensure the effective clinical performance of laryngeal pacemakers. Thus, the effective selection of patients who can profit from laryngeal pacemakers implantation demands the implementation of new diagnostic tools based on tests capable of reliably detecting the presence of viable reinnervation on at least one vocal fold.

Acoplanarity of a Lepton Pair to Probe the Electromagnetic Property of Quark Matter.

We investigate the P_{T}-broadening effects in dilepton production through photon-photon scattering in heavy ion collisions. The QED multiple interaction effect with the medium is found to be consistent with the recent observation of a low transverse momentum lepton pair from the ATLAS Collaboration at the LHC. We further comment on the magnetic broadening effect and point out a number of ways to disentangle these two mechanisms.

Ultrasonography-guided electromagnetic needle tracking in laryngeal electromyography.

Purpose: The clinical evaluation of vocal fold movement disorders should contain the electromyography of the laryngeal muscles (LEMG). The most challenging point in LEMG is the right positioning of the EMG needle in the small target muscles. As the results of the EMG have great influence in the decision of treatment it is important to confirm the results of this examination.

Diffractive Electron-Nucleus Scattering and Ancestry in Branching Random Walks.

We point out an analogy between diffractive electron-nucleus scattering events and realizations of one-dimensional branching random walks selected according to the height of the genealogical tree of the particles near their boundaries. This correspondence is made transparent in an event-by-event picture of diffraction, emphasizing the statistical properties of gluon evolution, from which new quantitative predictions straightforwardly follow: we are able to determine the distribution of the total invariant mass produced diffractively, which is an interesting observable that can potentially be measured at a future electron-ion collider.

Vacuumlike Jet Fragmentation in a Dense QCD Medium.

We study the fragmentation of a jet propagating in a dense quark-gluon plasma. Using a leading, double-logarithmic approximation in perturbative QCD, we compute for the first time the effects of the medium on multiple vacuumlike emissions. We show that, due to the scatterings off the plasma, the in-medium parton showers differ from the vacuum ones in two crucial aspects: their phase-space is reduced and the first emission outside the medium can violate angular ordering.

Laryngeal EMG: Preferential damage of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle branches especially in iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions.

Objective: Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle alone may not be sufficient in all patients to characterize or prove a recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lesion in cases of vocal fold immobility. LEMG of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle may provide additional information.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Functional outcomes of endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy for unilateral vocal cord paralysis with dyspnea.

In unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP), hoarseness is usually the leading symptom; however, the diminished airway might lead to breathing problems as well, especially with exertion. The application of the classic resection glottis enlarging or medialization procedures might shift the breathing and/or the voice to a worse condition. The non-destructive endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL) might be a solution for this problem.

Laryngeal pacing for bilateral vocal fold paralysis: Voice and respiratory aspects.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of neurostimulation with the laryngeal pacemaker (LP) system in patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) in terms of voice quality and respiratory function.

Study Design: Feasibility study, first-in-human, single-arm, open-label, prospective, multicenter study with group-sequential design and 6-month follow-up period, as described in details in our previous publication.

Methods: Nine symptomatic BVFP subjects were unilaterally implanted with the LP system at three study sites in Germany and Austria.

Laryngeal pacing via an implantable stimulator for the rehabilitation of subjects suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis: A prospective first-in-human study.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the performance and safety of the newly developed Laryngeal Pacemaker System (LP System) for the treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).

Study Design: Feasibility, first-in-human, single-arm, open-label, prospective, multicenter study with a group sequential design and a 6-month follow-up period.

Methods: Nine symptomatic BVFP subjects were implanted unilaterally with the LP System.

Synchronous video laryngoscopy and sonography of the larynx in children.

Unlike laryngoscopy, laryngeal sonography is easily applicable, well tolerated by young children and less exhausting for the examiner. The aim of this study was to determine if sonography can adequately visualize the laryngeal structures and vocal fold movements of children. Synchronic video laryngoscopy and sonography of the larynx were performed in 35 children (aged 2-8 years) without a laryngeal disease.