Influence of skin disinfection prior removal of perineural catheter on bacterial colonization, contamination and local inflammation: a prospective randomized study.

Background: There is a wide variation of perineural catheter (PNC) colonization rates in the literature. The impact of skin disinfection on PNC colonization and inflammation is not clear. The objective of this prospective, randomized clinical study was to investigate the influence of alcoholic skin disinfection before PNC removal on the detection of bacteria on PNC.

Effect of storage temperature on the lag time of Geobacillus stearothermophilus individual spores.

The lag times (λ) of Geobacillus stearothermophilus single spores were studied at different storage temperatures ranging from 45 to 59 °C using the Bioscreen C method. A significant variability of λ was observed among individual spores at all temperatures tested. The storage temperature affected both the position and the spread of the λ distributions.

Exosomes: novel regulators of bone remodelling and potential therapeutic agents for orthodontics.

Recent studies suggest that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication required for the maintenance of healthy bone. Exosomes are small (30-150 nm in diameter) extracellular vesicles that are formed in multivesicular bodies and are released from cells as the multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane. Regulatory exosomes have the capacity to exert profound control over target cells.

Bone Mass Is Compromised by the Chemotherapeutic Trabectedin in Association With Effects on Osteoblasts and Macrophage Efferocytosis.

Macrophages have established roles supporting bone formation. Despite their professional phagocytic nature, the role of macrophage phagocytosis in bone homeostasis is not well understood. Interestingly, apoptosis is a pivotal feature of cellular regulation and the primary fate of osteoblasts is apoptosis.

Two cycles of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) intra-articular injections improve stiffness and activities of daily living but not pain compared to one cycle on patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of a treatment based on one cycle versus two cycles of intra-articular injections of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) on patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Ninety patients with knee OA were included and evaluated. A total of 48 patients received one cycle (OC group) (3 injections on a weekly basis), while 42 patients received two cycles of PRGF-Endoret (TC group) spaced 6 months between them.

Intra-osseous local anaesthetic patellar pain catheter suppresses osteoarthritic patello-femoral pain.

Background: The source of pain in patellofemoral osteoarthritis is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the origin of pain using intraosseous pain catheters and to show early results with an osteotomy that is potentially denervating and hydrostatic pressure-relieving.

Methods: Five patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis and pain with straight downward patellofemoral compression were included.

Is outpatient continuous regional analgesia more effective and equally safe than single-shot peripheral nerve blocks after ambulatory orthopedic surgery?

Introduction: Continuous regional analgesia is an established technique for effective postoperative pain treatment, particularly after orthopedic surgical procedures. Even if it has been increasingly applied to the outpatient setting as well, many anesthesiologists are still reluctant to discharge patients with a perineural catheter in place. Aim of this review was to clarify the evidences about safety and effectiveness of outpatient continuous peripheral nerve blocks.

Emergency department septic shock patient mortality with refractory hypotension vs hyperlactatemia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Our objective was to compare in-hospital mortality among emergency department (ED) patients meeting trial-based criteria for septic shock based upon whether presenting with refractory hypotension (systolic blood pressure<90mmHg after 1L intravenous fluid bolus) versus hyperlactatemia (initial lactate≥4mmol/L).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis by chart review of ED patients admitted to an intensive care unit with suspected infection during 1 August 2012-28 February 2015. We included all patients with body fluid cultures sampled either during their ED stay without antibiotic administration or within 24h of antibiotic administration in the ED.

Screening for Polar Chemicals in Water by Trifunctional Mixed-Mode Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

The presence of persistent and mobile organic contaminants (PMOC) in aquatic environments is a matter of high concern due to their capability of crossing through natural and anthropogenic barriers, even reaching drinking water. Most analytical methods rely on reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), which is quite limited for the detection of very polar chemicals. Thus, many of these PMOCs may have not been recognized as water pollutants yet, due to the lack of analytical methods capable to detect them.

Genetic Architecture of a Rice Nested Association Mapping Population.

Describing the genetic diversity in the gene pool of crops will provide breeders with novel resources for varietal improvement. Nested Association Mapping (NAM) populations are uniquely suited for characterizing parental diversity through the shuffling and fixation of parental haplotypes. Here, we describe a set of 1879 rice NAM lines created through the selfing and single-seed descent of F hybrids derived from elite IR64 crossed with 10 diverse lines.

Neonatal immune challenge followed by adult immune challenge induces epigenetic-susceptibility to aggravated visceral hypersensitivity.

Background: Abdominal pain is one of the major symptoms of inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The inflammatory mediators released by colon inflammation are known to sensitize the afferent neurons, which is one of the contributors to abdominal pain. However, not all IBD patients have abdominal pain, and some patients report abdominal pain during remission, suggesting contributions of other pathological factors to abdominal pain in IBD.

NapA Mediates a Redox Regulation of the Antioxidant Response, Carbon Utilization and Development in .

The redox-regulated transcription factors (TFs) of the bZIP AP1 family, such as yeast Yap1 and fission yeast Pap1, are activated by peroxiredoxin proteins (Prxs) to regulate the antioxidant response. Previously, mutants lacking the Yap1 ortholog NapA have been characterized as sensitive to HO and menadione. Here we study NapA roles in relation to TFs SrrA and AtfA, also involved in oxidant detoxification, showing that these TFs play different roles in oxidative stress resistance, catalase gene regulation and development, during life cycle.

Dopaminergic activation anticipates daily nursing in the rabbit.

Maternal care is a motivated behavior and in the rabbit it is restricted to the spontaneous return of the mother to nurse her pups for just a few minutes once a day. Previously we have reported neural activation of brain areas and neuroendocrine cells after nursing. However, this daily spontaneous return suggests that the mother is in a high motivational state to nurse her pups.

Impaired Interoception in a Preclinical Model of Functional Dyspepsia.

Introduction: The etiologies of functional dyspepsia symptoms, including postprandial distress syndrome, remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal colon inflammation induces postprandial distress syndrome-like symptoms in adult life that associate with increased activation of vagal afferent pathways and forebrain limbic regions.

Results: These rats showed a significant decrease in nutrient meal consumption to satiety after an overnight fast, decrease in gastric emptying, decrease in total distance traveled, and decrease in percent distance traveled in midfield versus control rats in open field test, indicating postprandial anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.

Testosterone Plus Finasteride Prevents Bone Loss without Prostate Growth in a Rodent Spinal Cord Injury Model.

We have reported that testosterone-enanthate (TE) prevents the musculoskeletal decline occurring acutely after spinal cord injury (SCI), but results in a near doubling of prostate mass. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that administration of TE plus finasteride (FIN; type II 5α-reductase inhibitor) would prevent the chronic musculoskeletal deficits in our rodent severe contusion SCI model, without inducing prostate enlargement. Forty-three 16-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received: 1) SHAM surgery (T laminectomy); 2) severe (250 kdyne) contusion SCI; 3) SCI+TE (7.

Cell survival and differentiation with nanocrystalline glass-like carbon using substantia nigra dopaminergic cells derived from transgenic mouse embryos.

Regenerative medicine requires, in many cases, physical supports to facilitate appropriate cellular architecture, cell polarization and the improvement of the correct differentiation processes of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent cells or adult cells. Because the interest in carbon nanomaterials has grown within the last decade in light of a wide variety of applications, the aim of this study was to test and evaluate the suitability and cytocompatibility of a particular nanometer-thin nanocrystalline glass-like carbon film (NGLC) composed of curved graphene flakes joined by an amorphous carbon matrix. This material is a disordered structure with high transparency and electrical conductivity.

Optoacoustic Dermoscopy of the Human Skin: Tuning Excitation Energy for Optimal Detection Bandwidth With Fast and Deep Imaging in vivo.

Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) dermoscopy offers two principal advantages over conventional optical imaging applied in dermatology. First, it yields high-resolution cross-sectional images of the skin at depths not accessible to other non-invasive optical imaging methods. Second, by resolving absorption spectra at multiple wavelengths, it enables label-free 3D visualization of morphological and functional features.

Effects of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome on rat skeletal cells and tissue, and their responses to metformin treatment.

Aims: Deleterious effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on bone are still controversial. In this study we evaluated the effects of a fructose-induced MS, and/or an oral treatment with metformin on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), as well as on bone formation and architecture.

Methods: 32 male 8week-old Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: control (C), control plus oral metformin (CM), rats receiving 10% fructose in drinking water (FRD), and FRD plus metformin (FRDM).

Timing of the evolutionary history of Corallinaceae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta).

The temporal dimension of the most recent Corallinaceae (order Corallinales) phylogeny was presented here, based on first occurrence time estimates from the fossil record. Calibration of the molecular clock of the genetic marker SSU entailed a separation of Corallinales from Hapalidiales in the Albian (Early Cretaceous ~105 mya). Neither the calibration nor the fossil record resolved the succession of appearance of the first three emerging subfamilies: Mastophoroideae, Corallinoideae, and Neogoniolithoideae.

Transfer of skills and comparison of performance between king vision® video laryngoscope and macintosh blade following an AHA airway management course.

Background: To potentially optimize intubation skill teaching in an American Heart Association® Airway Management Course® for novices, we investigated the transfer of skills from video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy and vice versa using King Vision® and Macintosh blade laryngoscopes respectively.

Methods: Ninety volunteers (medical students, residents and staff physicians) without prior intubation experience were randomized into three groups to receive intubation training with either King Vision® or Macintosh blade or both. Afterwards they attempted intubation on two human cadavers with both tools.

The Complexity of Fungal Vision.

Life, as we know it, would not be possible without light. Light is not only a primary source of energy, but also an important source of information for many organisms. To sense light, only a few photoreceptor systems have developed during evolution.

Structure of phosphorylated UBL domain and insights into PINK1-orchestrated parkin activation.

Mutations in PARK2 and PARK6 genes are responsible for the majority of hereditary Parkinson's disease cases. These genes encode the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin and the protein kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), respectively. Together, parkin and PINK1 regulate the mitophagy pathway, which recycles damaged mitochondria following oxidative stress.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain.

Avipoxvirus (APV) is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortality in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diversity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in natural, agricultural and urban areas in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012-2013). Overall, 3.