Bisphosphonate drug holidays in osteoporosis according to fracture risk profile.

Unlabelled: We analyzed the incidence of fractures and changes in bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in 264 patients who discontinued bisphosphonates. Fractures were recorded in 12.3%.

Palmitoylcarnitine impairs immunity in decompensated cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: In patients with cirrhosis, acute decompensation (AD) correlates with a hyperinflammatory state driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a significant factor in the progression toward acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Elevated circulating levels of acylcarnitine, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction, are predictors of mortality in ACLF patients. Our hypothesis posits that acylcarnitines not only act as biomarkers, but also actively exert detrimental effects on circulating immune cells.

Albumin reprograms the B cell transcriptional landscape and improves neutrophil antimicrobial function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Patients with acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis are immunocompromised and particularly susceptible to infections. This study investigated the immunomodulatory actions of albumin by which this protein may lower the incidence of infections.

Methods: Blood immunophenotyping was performed in 11 patients with AD cirrhosis and 10 healthy volunteers (HV).

Sequencing vs. amplification for the estimation of allele dosages in sugarcane ( spp.).

Premise: Detecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cost-effective way is fundamental in any plant breeding pipeline. Here, we compare three genotyping techniques for their ability to reproduce the allele dosage of SNPs of interest in sugarcane ( spp.).

Dataset on sub-daily vertical profiles of physicochemical parameters and chlorophyll concentration in El Val reservoir, together with its daily meteorological data, storage state and downstream flow (2018-2022).

The dataset addressed in this article contains parameters about El Val reservoir (province of Zaragoza, Spain). It includes physicochemical variables, the water level, the stored water volume, its meteorological conditions and the flow rate of its effluent, the Queiles River, a few metres downstream of the dam. The El Val reservoir stores water from the Val River, but it also receives water from the Queiles River through a pipeline and from several ravines.

Design considerations for digital light processing bioprinters.

With the rapid development and popularization of additive manufacturing, different technologies, including, but not limited to, extrusion-, droplet-, and vat-photopolymerization-based fabrication techniques, have emerged that have allowed tremendous progress in three-dimensional (3D) printing in the past decades. Bioprinting, typically using living cells and/or biomaterials conformed by different printing modalities, has produced functional tissues. As a subclass of vat-photopolymerization bioprinting, digital light processing (DLP) uses digitally controlled photomasks to selectively solidify liquid photocurable bioinks to construct complex physical objects in a layer-by-layer manner.

Novel digital-based approach for evaluating wine components' intake: A deep learning model to determine red wine volume in a glass from single-view images.

Estimation of wine components' intake (polyphenols, alcohol, etc.) through Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) may be particularly inaccurate. This paper reports the development of a deep learning (DL) method to determine red wine volume from single-view images, along with its application in a consumer study developed via a web service.

Sparse testing designs for optimizing predictive ability in sugarcane populations.

Sugarcane is a crucial crop for sugar and bioenergy production. Saccharose content and total weight are the two main key commercial traits that compose sugarcane's yield. These traits are under complex genetic control and their response patterns are influenced by the genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction.

Liver Transplantation: A Test of Cellular Physiology, Preservation, and Injury.

Liver transplantation has evolved into a mature clinical field, but scarcity of usable organs poses a unique challenge. Expanding the donor pool requires novel approaches for protecting hepatic physiology and cellular homeostasis. Here we define hepatocellular injury during transplantation, with an emphasis on modifiable cell death pathways as future therapeutics.

Rosmarinic acid turned α-syn oligomers into non-toxic species preserving microtubules in Raw 264.7 cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and the therapeutic is focused on several approaches including the inhibition of fibril formation by small compounds, avoiding the formation of cytotoxic oligomers. Thus, we decided to explore the capacity of compounds carrying catechol moieties to inhibit the progression of α-synuclein. Overall, the compounds rosmarinic acid (1), carnosic acid (2), carnosol (3), epiisorosmanol (4), and rosmanol (5) avoid the progression of fibril formation assessed by Thiofavine T (ThT), and atomic force microscopy images showed that morphology is influenced for the actions of compounds over fibrillization.

Accounting for deep soil carbon in tropical forest conservation payments.

Secondary tropical forests are at the forefront of deforestation pressures. They store large amounts of carbon, which, if compensated for to avoid net emissions associated with conversion to non-forest uses, may help advance tropical forest conservation. We measured above- and below-ground carbon stocks down to 1 m soil depth across a secondary forest and in oil palm plantations in Malaysia.

A robust clustering strategy for stratification unveils unique patient subgroups in acutely decompensated cirrhosis.

Background: Patient heterogeneity poses significant challenges for managing individuals and designing clinical trials, especially in complex diseases. Existing classifications rely on outcome-predicting scores, potentially overlooking crucial elements contributing to heterogeneity without necessarily impacting prognosis.

Methods: To address patient heterogeneity, we developed ClustALL, a computational pipeline that simultaneously faces diverse clinical data challenges like mixed types, missing values, and collinearity.

Genetic association analysis in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for sucrose accumulation in humid environments in Colombia.

Background: Sucrose accumulation in sugarcane is affected by several environmental and genetic factors, with plant moisture being of critical importance for its role in the synthesis and transport of sugars within the cane stalks, affecting the sucrose concentration. In general, rainfall and high soil humidity during the ripening stage promote plant growth, increasing the fresh weight and decreasing the sucrose yield in the humid region of Colombia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify markers associated with sucrose accumulation or production in the humid environment of Colombia through a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Distinct immunometabolic signatures in circulating immune cells define disease outcome in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background And Aims: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complication of cirrhosis characterized by multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality. The pathophysiology of ACLF involves elevated systemic inflammation leading to organ failure, along with immune dysfunction that heightens susceptibility to bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how these aspects are associated with recovery and nonrecovery in ACLF.

Growth and carbon turnover of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteicthyes: Characidae): contribution of extruded feed and natural food.

Piaractus mesopotamicus, is a fish usually farmed in semi-intensive systems with access to natural food and supplementary feed. This study evaluates effects of feed allowance on the productive performance, carbon turnover and proportions of nutrient (carbon) contribution of feed and natural food for the growth of pacu. Juvenile fish were stocked in fiberglass tanks and fed to 100, 75, 50, 25, 0% apparent satiety (ApS), with a practical, extruded (C4 photosynthetic pathway) feed in a randomized design trial (n=3); plankton production for simulated semi-intensive farming system condition was induced by chemical fertilization.

Association Between Elevated Body Mass Index and Cardiac Organ Damage in Children and Adolescents: Evidence and Mechanisms.

Introduction: Although a number of pathophysiological aspects of childhood obesity have been reported, few information are available on obesity-related cardiac organ damage.

Aim: The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of anthropometric, blood pressure (BP) and metabolic variable on cardiac structure and function in youth.

Methods: In 78 subjects aged 5-16 years attending the outpatient clinic of cardiovascular risk (Valencia, Spain) anthropometric and metabolic variables, clinic and ambulatory BP and echocardiographic parameters were assessed.

A rationally designed antimicrobial peptide from structural and functional insights of translation initiation factor 1.

A significant increase of hospital-acquired bacterial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic has become an urgent medical problem. is an urgent antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogen and a leading causative agent of nosocomial infections. The increasing recurrence of infection and antibiotic resistance in has led to an unmet need for the discovery of new compounds distinctly different from present antimicrobials, while antimicrobial peptides as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics have attracted growing interest recently.

Genome-wide association analysis of plant architecture traits using doubled haploid lines derived from different cycles of the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic maize population.

Selection in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize population for high yield, grain moisture, and root and stalk lodging has indirectly modified plant architecture traits that are important for adaptation to high plant density. In this study, we developed doubled haploid (DH) lines from the BSSS maize population in the earliest cycle of recurrent selection (BSSS), cycle 17 of reciprocal recurrent selection, [BSSS(R)17] and the cross between the two cycles [BSSS/BSSS(R)C17]. We aimed to determine the phenotypic variation and changes in agronomic traits that have occurred through the recurrent selection program in this population and to identify genes or regions in the genome associated with the plant architecture changes observed in the different cycles of selection.

Fetal surgery for occipital encephalocele: A case report.

Background: Occipital encephalocele is a congenital defect of the neural tube at the level of the cranial midline, which results in herniation of meninges and brain tissue. The results of the management of myelomeningocele study determine the maternal and fetal risks for an open fetal surgery and have motivated the constant review of the concepts and strategies which the pediatric neurosurgeon can employ for the treatment of neural tube defects in the prenatal period.

Case Description: We present a case of a female patient in utero of 26 gestational weeks with the diagnosis of an occipital encephalocele treated by open fetal surgery.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Enfortumab Vedotin for Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Enfortumab vedotin is a novel breakthrough therapy that received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2019 for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have failed other lines of treatment. The characteristics of its adverse effects are not well understood. Diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported in 2 postmarketing reports presented as abstracts at the 2020 American Thoracic Society Conference and the 2021 American Society of Nephrology Conference.

Enhanced Astrocyte Activity and Excitatory Synaptic Function in the Hippocampus of Pentylenetetrazole Kindling Model of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. The interaction between astrocytes and neurons has been suggested to play a role in the abnormal neuronal activity observed in epilepsy. However, the exact way astrocytes influence neuronal activity in the epileptogenic brain remains unclear.

Real-world study on microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency testing patterns among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Spain.

Purpose: Clinical practice guidelines recommend that all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) should be tested for mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). We aimed to describe the dMMR/MSI-H testing practice in patients with mCRC in Spanish centers.

Methods: Multicenter, observational retrospective study that included patients newly diagnosed with mCRC or who progressed to a metastatic stage from early/localized stages.

Adult-onset Still's disease complicated by macrophage activation syndrome.

Key Clinical Message: Young patients with persistent rash and fevers despite antibiotic treatment should be evaluated for non-infectious etiologies. In our patient's case, these findings led to a diagnosis of MAS, which ultimately affected how she was managed.

Abstract: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, often difficult to diagnose autoimmune disease that typically presents as a rash, unresolving fevers and joint pains capable of mimicking a number of autoimmune diseases.

Treating Iron Deficiency (ID) Anemia in Heart Failure (HF) Patients with IV Iron: A Meta-Analysis.

Findings on the effects of iron on heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and mortality among patients with iron deficiency (ID) and HF remain conflicting across different studies. We performed a meta-analysis of clinical trials assessing the clinical, hematic and cardiovascular benefits of treating ID in HF patients. We completed a systematic search for studies comparing IV iron to placebo in HF patients with ID.