Changing the Script: Intergenerational Communication about Sexual and Reproductive Health in Niamey, Niger.

Most strategies to reduce adolescent pregnancies have been designed to educate adolescents directly about family planning (FP), while adolescents often cite peers and parents as their primary sources of sexual health information. Yet parents' lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), low self-efficacy to initiate conversations, and adverse social norms act as barriers to open intergenerational communication. To better understand the normative environment influencing communication between parents and youth about FP/SRH in francophone West Africa, the USAID supported Breakthrough RESEARCH project conducted a multi-stage qualitative study in Niger.

Examining the determinants and efficiency of China's agricultural exports using a stochastic frontier gravity model.

This paper aims to examine the key determinants and efficiency of China's agricultural exports with its 114 importing countries by applying the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) on an augmented gravity model for the period of 2000-2019. The Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and the fixed effect models were also estimated simultaneously to confirm the robustness of our findings. The results reveal that China's economic size (GDP) and its importing countries, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), common border, and the Chinese language positively determine China's agricultural export flows.

Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, s.l in Nigeria.

Background: Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible s.l.

[Nikolaĭ Nikalaevich Sirotinin and his school].

In a brief review of 50-year scientific activity of professor N. N. Sirotinin and his students the authors emphasize that this broad-minded scientist contributed to development of such disciplines as microbiology, pathophysiology, high-altitude, aerospace medicine.

[Role of lectins in allergic reactivity].

Skin reaction on phytohemagglutinin in healthy people and in patients with allergic bronchial asthma before and after specific hyposensitization has been studied. The attempt to determine interrelations between the skin sensitivity to phytohemagglutinin and some immunity indexes and to explain several links of lectins' action mechanisms during allergic processes have been made.

[Influence of "sessile"immune receptors of lymphocyte membranes on their cholinoreceptors in mice immunized with various antigens].

Influence of macromolecular agents (some agents) on cholinoreceptors' activity of lymphocytes' membranes and their ability to bind with acetylcholine and it's analogues (carbacholine and others) has been investigated. This work presents the materials to problem of receptors' interaction and express one of the immunopharmacological characteristics of "receptor-receptor" system.

Interaction of neuromediator and immunoglobulin receptors of mice B-lymphocytes.

The effect of rabbit antiserum to mice globulins on the M-cholinergic receptors (M-ChR) expression of spleen B-lymphocytes of CBA and Balb/c mice has been studied. Anti-globulin antiserum depending on its concentration decreased M-Chr expression on B-lymphocytes intact animals both species. The anti-globulin serum effect appeared to be maximal at 37 degrees C and minimal at 4 degrees C.

The responsiveness of mice B-lymphocytes to neuromediators during an immune reaction.

It was shown that increases of cAMP levels before and after adrenaline (10(-6) mol/liter) and cAMP levels before and after acetylcholine (10(-6) mol/liter) occur in mouse spleen B-lymphocytes in 2-3 and 3-6 days, respectively, after immunization with ovalbumin. Using radiolabeled blockers of these neuroreceptors, it was shown that their receptors on B-lymphocytes increase 3 and 3-4 days, respectively, after immunization. The data indicate that increases of spleen B-lymphocyte reactivity to neuromediators occur during an immune reaction associated, in part, with increases in the expression of their receptors.

[Effect of antiglobulin serum on the expression of M-cholinoreceptors of spleen lymphocytes of intact and immunized mice].

Using a labelled blocker of M-cholinoreceptors (M-CR)--3H-Quinuclidinyl benzilate--the number of the receptors on spleen lymphocytes has been determined before and after immunization of CBA and BALB/c mice with antiglobulin serum. The incubation of non-separated spleen cell suspension with antiglobulin serum decreased the number of M-CR by 14%, while the incubation of the enriched B-lymphocyte suspension decreased it by 32.5%.