Assessing the host range of , an egg parasitoid of spotted lanternfly ( using Eastern U.S. non-target species.

The spotted lanternfly, (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), an invasive planthopper discovered in Pennsylvania, U.S. in 2014, has spread to many surrounding states despite quarantines and control efforts, and further spread is anticipated.

Patient perspectives on home-spirometry in interstitial lung disease: a qualitative co-designed study.

Background: Opportunities for home-monitoring are increasing exponentially. Home- spirometry is reproducible and reliable in interstitial lung disease (ILD), yet patients' experiences are not reported. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with ILDs, maintaining health-related quality-of-life is vital.

A Highly Active and Selective Zirconium-Based Catalyst System for the Industrial Production of Poly(lactic acid).

The biodegradable, aliphatic polyester poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a leading bio-based alternative to petrochemical-derived plastic materials across a range of applications. Widely reported in the available literature as a benchmark for PLA production the bulk ring-opening polymerization of lactides is the use of divalent tin catalysts, and particularly tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate). We present an alternative zirconium-based system that combines an inexpensive Group IV metal with the robustness, high activity, control, and designed compatibility with existing facilities and processes, that are required for industrial use.

MiniBooNE and MicroBooNE Combined Fit to a 3+1 Sterile Neutrino Scenario.

This Letter presents the results from the MiniBooNE experiment within a full "3+1" scenario where one sterile neutrino is introduced to the three-active-neutrino picture. In addition to electron-neutrino appearance at short baselines, this scenario also allows for disappearance of the muon-neutrino and electron-neutrino fluxes in the Booster Neutrino Beam, which is shared by the MicroBooNE experiment. We present the 3+1 fit to the MiniBooNE electron-(anti)neutrino and muon-(anti)neutrino data alone and in combination with MicroBooNE electron-neutrino data.

Heterotrophic Foraminifera Capable of Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation.

Nitrogen availability often limits biological productivity in marine systems, where inorganic nitrogen, such as ammonium is assimilated into the food web by bacteria and photoautotrophic eukaryotes. Recently, ammonium assimilation was observed in kleptoplast-containing protists of the phylum foraminifera, possibly via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) assimilation pathway imported with the kleptoplasts. However, it is not known if the ubiquitous and diverse heterotrophic protists have an innate ability for ammonium assimilation.

Ammonium is the preferred source of nitrogen for planktonic foraminifer and their dinoflagellate symbionts.

The symbiotic planktonic foraminifera inhabits open ocean oligotrophic ecosystems where dissolved nutrients are scarce and often limit biological productivity. It has previously been proposed that meets its nitrogen (N) requirements by preying on zooplankton, and that its symbiotic dinoflagellates recycle metabolic 'waste ammonium' for their N pool. However, these conclusions were derived from bulk N-enrichment experiments and model calculations, and our understanding of N assimilation and exchange between the foraminifer host cell and its symbiotic dinoflagellates remains poorly constrained.

Significant Excess of Electronlike Events in the MiniBooNE Short-Baseline Neutrino Experiment.

The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from an analysis of ν_{e} appearance data from 12.84×10^{20} protons on target in neutrino mode, an increase of approximately a factor of 2 over previously reported results. A ν_{e} charged-current quasielastic event excess of 381.

Ring-Opening Polymerisation of Low-Strain Nickelocenophanes: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Polynickelocenes with Carbon and Silicon Main Chain Spacers.

Polymetallocenes based on ferrocene, and to a lesser extent cobaltocene, have been well-studied, whereas analogous systems based on nickelocene are virtually unexplored. It has been previously shown that poly(nickelocenylpropylene) [Ni(η -C H ) (CH ) ] is formed as a mixture of cyclic (6 ) and linear (7) components by the reversible ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of tricarba[3]nickelocenophane [Ni(η -C H ) (CH ) ] (5). Herein the generality of this approach to main-chain polynickelocenes is demonstrated and the ROP of tetracarba[4]nickelocenophane [Ni(η -C H ) (CH ) ] (8), and disila[2]nickelocenophane [Ni(η -C H ) (SiMe ) ] (12) is described, to yield predominantly insoluble homopolymers poly(nickelocenylbutylene) [Ni(η -C H ) (CH ) ] (13) and poly(tetramethyldisilylnickelocene) [Ni(η -C H ) (SiMe ) ] (14), respectively.

First Measurement of Monoenergetic Muon Neutrino Charged Current Interactions.

We report the first measurement of monoenergetic muon neutrino charged current interactions. MiniBooNE has isolated 236 MeV muon neutrino events originating from charged kaon decay at rest (K^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}) at the NuMI beamline absorber. These signal ν_{μ}-carbon events are distinguished from primarily pion decay in flight ν_{μ} and ν[over ¯]_{μ} backgrounds produced at the target station and decay pipe using their arrival time and reconstructed muon energy.

New reactivity at the silicon bridge in sila[1]ferrocenophanes.

We describe two new types of reactivity involving silicon-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes. In an attempt to form a [1]ferrocenophane with a bridging silyl cation, the reaction of sila[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(η-CH)Si(H)TMP] (12) (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) towards the hydride-abstraction reagent trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([CPh][B(CF)]) was explored. This yielded the unusual dinuclear species [Fe(η-CH)Si(TMP·H)(η-CH)Fe(η-CH)Si(H)TMP][B(CF)] [13][B(C6F5)4] in low yield.

16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and TEM reveals different ecological strategies within the genus Neogloboquadrina (planktonic foraminifer).

Uncovering the complexities of trophic and metabolic interactions among microorganisms is essential for the understanding of marine biogeochemical cycling and modelling climate-driven ecosystem shifts. High-throughput DNA sequencing methods provide valuable tools for examining these complex interactions, although this remains challenging, as many microorganisms are difficult to isolate, identify and culture. We use two species of planktonic foraminifera from the climatically susceptible, palaeoceanographically important genus Neogloboquadrina, as ideal test microorganisms for the application of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding.

Ocean acidification compromises a planktic calcifier with implications for global carbon cycling.

Anthropogenically-forced changes in ocean chemistry at both the global and regional scale have the potential to negatively impact calcifying plankton, which play a key role in ecosystem functioning and marine carbon cycling. We cultured a globally important calcifying marine plankter (the foraminifer, Globigerina bulloides) under an ecologically relevant range of seawater pH (7.5 to 8.

Link between light-triggered Mg-banding and chamber formation in the planktic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina dutertrei.

The relationship between seawater temperature and the average Mg/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera is well established, providing an essential tool for reconstructing past ocean temperatures. However, many species display alternating high and low Mg-bands within their shell walls that cannot be explained by temperature alone. Recent experiments demonstrate that intrashell Mg variability in Orbulina universa, which forms a spherical terminal shell, is paced by the diurnal light/dark cycle.

Nanometer-Scale Chemistry of a Calcite Biomineralization Template: Implications for Skeletal Composition and Nucleation.

Plankton, corals, and other organisms produce calcium carbonate skeletons that are integral to their survival, form a key component of the global carbon cycle, and record an archive of past oceanographic conditions in their geochemistry. A key aspect of the formation of these biominerals is the interaction between organic templating structures and mineral precipitation processes. Laboratory-based studies have shown that these atomic-scale processes can profoundly influence the architecture and composition of minerals, but their importance in calcifying organisms is poorly understood because it is difficult to measure the chemistry of in vivo biomineral interfaces at spatially relevant scales.

Nighttime dissolution in a temperate coastal ocean ecosystem increases under acidification.

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing ocean acidification, lowering seawater aragonite (CaCO3) saturation state (Ω arag), with potentially substantial impacts on marine ecosystems over the 21(st) Century. Calcifying organisms have exhibited reduced calcification under lower saturation state conditions in aquaria. However, the in situ sensitivity of calcifying ecosystems to future ocean acidification remains unknown.

Ocean acidification research in the 'post-genomic' era: Roadmaps from the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

Advances in nucleic acid sequencing technology are removing obstacles that historically prevented use of genomics within ocean change biology. As one of the first marine calcifiers to have its genome sequenced, purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) have been the subject of early research exploring genomic responses to ocean acidification, work that points to future experiments and illustrates the value of expanding genomic resources to other marine organisms in this new 'post-genomic' era. This review presents case studies of S.

Influence of cyclopentadienyl ring-tilt on electron-transfer reactions: redox-induced reactivity of strained [2] and [3]ruthenocenophanes.

In contrast to ruthenocene [Ru(η(5) -C5 H5 )2 ] and dimethylruthenocene [Ru(η(5) -C5 H4 Me)2 ] (7), chemical oxidation of highly strained, ring-tilted [2]ruthenocenophane [Ru(η(5) -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )2 ] (5) and slightly strained [3]ruthenocenophane [Ru(η(5) -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )3 ] (6) with cationic oxidants containing the non-coordinating [B(C6 F5 )4 ](-) anion was found to afford stable and isolable metalmetal bonded dicationic dimer salts [Ru(η(5) -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )2 ]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (8) and [Ru(η(5) -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )3 ]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (17), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and DFT studies indicated that the oxidation potential, propensity for dimerization, and strength of the resulting RuRu bond is strongly dependent on the degree of tilt present in 5 and 6 and thereby degree of exposure of the Ru center. Cleavage of the RuRu bond in 8 was achieved through reaction with the radical source [(CH3 )2 NC(S)SSC(S)N(CH3 )2 ] (thiram), affording unusual dimer [(CH3 )2 NCS2 Ru(η(5) -C5 H4 )(η(3) -C5 H4 )C2 H4 ]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (9) through a haptotropic η(5) -η(3) ring-slippage followed by an apparent [2+2] cyclodimerization of the cyclopentadienyl ligand.

Ring-opening polymerization of a strained [3]nickelocenophane: a route to polynickelocenes, a class of S = 1 metallopolymers.

We report the synthesis, reactivity studies, and ring-opening polymerization of a tricarba[3]nickelocenophane. The resulting green polynickelocene (5) possesses a -(CH2)3- spacer between the nickelocene units and is shown to be of high molecular weight. SQUID magnetometry measurements indicate that 5 is a macromolecular material with an S = 1 repeat unit.

Comparative studies of thermally induced homolytic carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions of strained dicarba[2]ferrocenophanes and their ring-opened oligomers and polymers.

Reactivity studies of dicarba[2]ferrocenophanes and also their corresponding ring-opened oligomers and polymers have been conducted in order to provide mechanistic insight into the processes that occur under the conditions of their thermal ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) (300 °C). Thermolysis of dicarba[2]ferrocenophane rac-[Fe(η(5)-C5H4)2(CHPh)2] (rac-14; 300 °C, 1 h) does not lead to thermal ROP. To investigate this system further, rac-14 was heated in the presence of an excess of cyclopentadienyl anion, to mimic the postulated propagating sites for thermally polymerisable analogues.

Larval carry-over effects from ocean acidification persist in the natural environment.

An extensive body of work suggests that altered marine carbonate chemistry can negatively influence marine invertebrates, but few studies have examined how effects are moderated and persist in the natural environment. A particularly important question is whether impacts initiated in early life might be exacerbated or attenuated over time in the presence or absence of other stressors in the field. We reared Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) larvae in laboratory cultures under control and elevated seawater pCO2 concentrations, quantified settlement success and size at metamorphosis, then outplanted juveniles to Tomales Bay, California, in the mid intertidal zone where emersion and temperature stress were higher, and in the low intertidal zone where conditions were more benign.

Improved search for ν¯(μ)→ν¯(e) oscillations in the MiniBooNE experiment.

The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from an analysis of ν[over ¯](e) appearance data from 11.27×10(20) protons on target in the antineutrino mode, an increase of approximately a factor of 2 over the previously reported results. An event excess of 78.

Evolutionary change during experimental ocean acidification.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions are driving unprecedented changes in seawater chemistry, resulting in reduced pH and carbonate ion concentrations in the Earth's oceans. This ocean acidification has negative but variable impacts on individual performance in many marine species. However, little is known about the adaptive capacity of species to respond to an acidified ocean, and, as a result, predictions regarding future ecosystem responses remain incomplete.

Persistent carry-over effects of planktonic exposure to ocean acidification in the Olympia oyster.

Predicting impacts of global environmental change is challenging due to the complex life cycles that characterize many terrestrial and aquatic taxa. Different life stages often interact with the physical environment in distinct ways, and a growing body of work suggests that stresses experienced during one life stage can "carry over" to influence subsequent stages. Assessments of population responses to environmental perturbation must therefore consider how effects might propagate across life-history transitions.

Metal-metal bond formation between [n]metallocenophanes: synthesis and characterisation of a dicarba[2]ruthenocenophanium dimer.

Feeling the strain: The first example of metal-metal bonding between strained [n]metallocenophanes is reported. A dicarba[2]ruthenocenophanium dimer has been synthesised through the oxidation of a dicarba[2]ruthenocenophane (see figure). The structural and electrochemical characterisation of the dimer is also discussed.