DART isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry and F-NMR detection of fluorotelomeric alcohols in hydrolyzed food contact paper.

Fluorotelomer-based acrylate polymers and surfactants used to grease-proof food contact paper (FCP) are potential sources of dietary exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Food contact substances (FCS) containing polyfluorinated long-chains (≥C8) were voluntarily removed by their manufacturers from the U.S.

Comparative Analysis of Patient-reported Outcomes After Cranial Vault Remodeling and Strip Craniectomy With the FACE-Q Craniofacial Module.

Background: The debate continues among craniofacial surgeons regarding the effectiveness of strip craniectomy (SC) compared with cranial vault remodeling (CVR) in achieving optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients with single-suture craniosynostosis. This study aimed to compare long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between SC and CVR procedures at a single institution using the validated FACE-Q Craniofacial module.

Methods: Patients older than or equal to 8 years of age and parents of patients younger than 8 years of age who underwent SC or CVR for single-suture craniosynostosis were eligible.

IRAK4 degrader in hidradenitis suppurativa and atopic dermatitis: a phase 1 trial.

Toll-like receptor-driven and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-driven inflammation mediated by IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is involved in the pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and atopic dermatitis (AD). KT-474 (SAR444656), an IRAK4 degrader, was studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial where the primary objective was safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical activity in patients with moderate to severe HS and in patients with moderate to severe AD.

The Future of Small Animal Veterinary Practice.

The future may be difficult or even impossible to predict with any accuracy, but appreciating the likely path forward for small animal veterinary practices is possible with some defensible assumptions. With advancements in technology, a growing appreciation of the human-animal bond, and changing societal norms, the role of small animal veterinary teams will become even more important in the years to come. Although there may be challenges, there will also be new opportunities and a greater need for qualified professionals and paraprofessionals in this field, who can deliver services that clients want and pets need.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Patients With Chiari Malformation: Symptoms.

Background: Chiari I malformation (CIM) is characterized by descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, potentially causing symptoms from compression or obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis and treatment of CIM is varied, and guidelines produced through systematic review may be helpful for clinicians.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the medical literature to answer specific questions on the diagnosis and treatment of CIM.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Patients With Chiari Malformation: Diagnosis.

Background: Chiari I malformation (CIM) is characterized by descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, potentially causing symptoms from compression or obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis and treatment of CIM is varied, and guidelines produced through systematic review may be helpful for clinicians.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the medical literature to answer specific questions on the diagnosis and treatment of CIM.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Patients With Chiari Malformation: Surgical Interventions.

Background: Chiari malformation type I (CIM) diagnoses have increased in recent years. Controversy regarding the best operative management prompted a review of the literature to offer guidance on surgical interventions.

Objective: To assess the literature to determine (1) whether posterior fossa decompression or posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty is more effective in preoperative symptom resolution; (2) whether there is benefit from cerebellar tonsillar resection/reduction; (3) the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring; (4) in patients with a syrinx, how long should a syrinx be observed for improvement before additional surgery is performed; and 5) what is the optimal duration of follow-up care after preoperative symptom resolution.

Use of Subcutaneous Injection of Epinephrine and Triamcinolone with Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss, Transfusion Rates, and Length of Stay in Open Sagittal Craniosynostosis Repair.

Objective: In 2017, we adopted the use of triamcinolone/epinephrine (TAC/Epi) scalp injection and later added tranexamic acid (TXA) in open sagittal synostosis surgery. We believe that this reduced blood loss and transfusion rates.

Methods: A total of 107 consecutive patients operated for sagittal synostosis aged <4 months from 2007 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting With Clinical Features of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease of myeloid dendritic cells with a widely variable presentation of organ system involvement and severity. In this case report, we share the details of a rare case of cutaneous LCH resembling hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).

Toward rational use of repeat imaging in children with mild traumatic brain injuries and intracranial injuries.

Objective: Limited evidence exists on the utility of repeat neuroimaging in children with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and intracranial injuries (ICIs). Here, the authors identified factors associated with repeat neuroimaging and predictors of hemorrhage progression and/or neurosurgical intervention.

Methods: The authors performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of children at four centers of the Pediatric TBI Research Consortium.

Disability or Death: A Focused Review of Informed Consent in Pediatric Neurosurgery.

The management of pediatric neurosurgical disease often requires families to choose between long-term disability and premature death. This decision-making is codified by informed consent. In practice, decision-making is heavily weighted toward intervening to prevent death, often with less consideration of the realities of long-term disability.

Associations between household income and disordered eating differ across sex and racial identity in a population-based sample of adults.

Background: Most research on socioeconomic status (SES) and eating disorders (EDs) has focused on young White women. Consequently, little is known regarding how SES may relate to EDs/disordered eating in older adults, men, or people with different racial identities. We examined whether associations between SES and EDs/disordered eating differed across age, sex, and racial identity in a large, population-based sample spanning early-to-later adulthood.

Early-Onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The primary aim of this study was to describe VAP, including the microbiology of VAP and differences in frequency of VAP when various definitions are applied. The secondary aim was to determine the clinical variables associated with the development of VAP in children with severe TBI.

Diversity and Career Goals of Graduating Allopathic Medical Students Pursuing Careers in Dermatology.

Importance: Dermatology is one of the least diverse specialties, while patients from minority racial and ethnic groups and other underserved populations continue to face numerous dermatology-specific health and health care access disparities in the US.

Objectives: To examine the demographic characteristics and intended career goals of graduating US allopathic medical students pursuing careers in dermatology compared with those pursuing other specialties and whether these differ by sex, race and ethnicity, and/or sexual orientation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This secondary analysis of a repeated cross-sectional study included 58 077 graduating allopathic medical students using data from the 2016 to 2019 Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaires.

A cotwin control study of associations between financial hardship and binge eating phenotypes during COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 was associated with significant financial hardship and increased binge eating (BE). However, it is largely unknown whether financial stressors contributed to BE during the pandemic. We used a longitudinal, cotwin control design that controls for genetic/environmental confounds by comparing twins in the same family to examine whether financial hardship during COVID-19 was associated with BE.

Cadmium in the hyperaccumulating mushroom Thelephora penicillata: Intracellular speciation and isotopic composition.

Thelephora penicillata is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom that can accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of Cd, As, Cu, and Zn in its fruit-bodies. To better understand its element accumulation ability, we compared the element concentrations in T. penicillata with 10 distinct ectomycorrhizal mushroom species growing at the same site (Karlina Pila, Czech Republic).

Complications and outcomes of posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty versus without duraplasty for pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine differences in complications and outcomes between posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) and without duraplasty (PFD) for the treatment of pediatric Chiari malformation type I (CM1) and syringomyelia (SM).

Methods: The authors used retrospective and prospective components of the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium database to identify pediatric patients with CM1-SM who received PFD or PFDD and had at least 1 year of follow-up data. Preoperative, treatment, and postoperative characteristics were recorded and compared between groups.

Measures of Intracranial Injury Size Do Not Improve Clinical Decision Making for Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries and Intracranial Injuries.

Background: When evaluating children with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and intracranial injuries (ICIs), neurosurgeons intuitively consider injury size. However, the extent to which such measures (eg, hematoma size) improve risk prediction compared with the kids intracranial injury decision support tool for traumatic brain injury (KIIDS-TBI) model, which only includes the presence/absence of imaging findings, remains unknown.

Objective: To determine the extent to which measures of injury size improve risk prediction for children with mild traumatic brain injuries and ICIs.

Service evaluation of telehealth in a physiotherapy musculoskeletal setting: Patient outcomes and results from risk stratification.

Introduction: Due to COVID-19 the ability to see all patients face-to-face (FTF) was removed. Services implemented telehealth to cater for patients requiring musculoskeletal care. A service evaluation was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a mixed telehealth/FTF approach and identify if stratifying patients could help tailor intervention.

Right axis deviation in the canine electrocardiogram for predicting severity of pulmonic stenosis: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of right axis deviation of the mean electrical axis (MEA) in assessing the severity of pulmonic stenosis (PS) in dogs.

Animals: Records for 218 client-owned dogs diagnosed between 2014 and 2020 with PS as determined by Doppler echocardiography.

Procedures: University of Florida Small Animal Clinic medical records were reviewed, and signalment and clinical risk variables (murmur grade and clinical signs) were extracted.

Identification of the interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) pathway in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma - A pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to detect the presence of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the potential downstream effects of IL-8 receptor activation in 2 previously characterized feline oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCCF1 and SCCF2). Interleukin-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) was initially detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A previously validated and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure IL-8 production in the supernatant of the 2 cell lines.