Quality of Information Provided by Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Surrounding the Reconstructive Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparative Analysis Between ChatGPT4 and Claude2.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligences (AIs) are changing the way information is accessed and consumed globally. This study aims to evaluate the information quality provided by AIs ChatGPT4 and Claude2 concerning reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer.

Methods: Thirty questions on reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer were directed to both AIs and 16 head and neck surgeons assessed the responses using the QAMAI questionnaire.

Sepsis management in pre-hospital care - the earlier, the better?

Emergency medical services often serve as the initial point of contact for septic patients, offering crucial pre-hospital intervention opportunities. However, the efficacy of pre-hospital interventions remains uncertain. From this perspective, we'll talk about the available evidence of pre-hospital sepsis and septic shock treatment and the barriers to its implementation.

The safety of corticosteroid therapy in IGA nephropathy: analysis of a real-life Italian cohort.

Background: Systemic steroids are recommended for patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and proteinuria. However, there are concerns about their safety due to an excess of serious adverse events (SAEs) in previous randomised trials. This study evaluates the incidence of SAEs in IgAN patients receiving different treatment regimens in clinical practice.

How histopathological diagnosis interacts with kidney ultrasound parameters and glomerular filtration rate.

The evaluation of estimated GFR (eGFR) is a pivotal staging step in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and renal ultrasound plays an important role in diagnosis, prognosis and progression of CKD. The interaction between histopathological diagnosis and ultrasound parameters in eGFR determination has not been fully investigated yet. The study examined the results of native kidney biopsies performed in 48 Italian centers between 2012 and 2020.

Gliomagenesis, Epileptogenesis, and Remodeling of Neural Circuits: Relevance for Novel Treatment Strategies in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas.

Gliomas present a complex challenge in neuro-oncology, often accompanied by the debilitating complication of epilepsy. Understanding the biological interaction and common pathways between gliomagenesis and epileptogenesis is crucial for improving the current understanding of tumorigenesis and also for developing effective management strategies. Shared genetic and molecular mechanisms, such as IDH mutations and dysregulated glutamate signaling, contribute to both tumor progression and seizure development.

A 15-year experience in pediatric palliative care: a retrospective hospital-based study.

Background: The current Italian scenario of pediatric palliative care (PPC) services is characterized by inadequate coverage of the territory. Therefore, it is important to improve the referral of patients to the most appropriate setting (community care, general PPC, or specialized PPC) and to improve the delivery of PPC care.

Methods: Aiming at obtaining information about the referrals to the Padua Pediatric Hospice that could help estimate the investments needed to improve the provision of care, a retrospective analysis has been carried out.

Impact of a Bundle of Interventions on Quality-of-Care Indicators for Bacteraemia: A Single-Centre, Quasi-Experimental, Before-After Study.

bacteraemia (SAB) is a life-threatening bloodstream infection. Improved adherence to quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) can significantly enhance patient outcomes. This quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of a bundle of interventions on QCI adherence in adult patients with SAB.

Intraoperative intraductal ultrasonography of the main pancreatic duct during pancreatoduodenectomy: technical description of a pilot series.

The intraoperative risk stratification during pancreatoduodenectomy is gaining increasing significance. The main pancreatic duct wall is of particular importance as it represents the element of anchor of the anastomotic stiches. This study aims to describe the safety, feasibility, and reproducibility of a novel intraductal ultrasonography of the main pancreatic (MPD)-Wirsung duct (IWU) during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Far-red light effects on plant photosynthesis: from short-term enhancements to long-term effects of artificial solar light.

Background And Aims: Long-term exposure over several days to Far-Red (FR) increases leaf expansion, while short-term exposure (minutes) may enhance the PSII operating efficiency (ϕPSII). The interaction between these responses at different time scales, and their impact on photosynthesis at whole-plant level is not well understood. Our study aimed to assess the effects of FR in an irradiance mimicking the spectrum of sunlight (referred to as artificial solar irradiance) both in the long and short-term, on whole-plant CO2 assimilation rates and in leaves at different positions in the plant.

Shining light on diurnal variation of non-photochemical quenching: Impact of gradual light intensity patterns on short-term NPQ over a day.

Maximal sunlight intensity varies diurnally due to the earth's rotation. Whether this slow diurnal pattern influences the photoprotective capacity of plants throughout the day is unknown. We investigated diurnal variation in NPQ, along with NPQ capacity, induction, and relaxation kinetics after transitions to high light, in tomato plants grown under diurnal parabolic (DP) or constant (DC) light intensity regimes.

Breakthrough Acute HIV Infections among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users with High Adherence: A Narrative Review.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a pivotal intervention among HIV prevention strategies. We aimed to narratively revise the topic of HIV acute infection in the setting of PrEP exposure with a focus on diagnostic options, clinical features, and future PrEP perspectives, with a particular focus on users with high adherence to PrEP. We searched the main databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) with the keywords "PrEP" or "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis" and "HIV" or "PLWH" and "breakthrough" or "acute infection" or "primary infection".

Unveiling the crucial role of betaine: modulation of GABA homeostasis via SLC6A1 transporter (GAT1).

Betaine is an endogenous osmolyte that exhibits therapeutic potential by mitigating various neurological disorders. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for its neuroprotective effects remain puzzling.In this study, we describe a possible mechanism behind the positive impact of betaine in preserving neurons from excitotoxicity.

Methylene blue in sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Methylene blue is an interesting approach in reducing fluid overload and vasoactive drug administration in vasodilatory shock. The inhibition of guanylate cyclase induced by methylene blue infusion reduces nitric oxide production and improves vasoconstriction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of methylene blue administration compared to placebo on the hemodynamic status and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock.

The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Protecting Cerebellar Volumes of Older Adults with mild Cognitive Impairment.

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between cerebellar volumes and cognitive reserve in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). A description of proxies of cerebellar cognitive reserve in terms of different volumes across lobules is also provided. 36 individuals with MCI underwent neuropsychological (MoCA, MMSE, Clock test, CRIq) assessment and neuroimaging acquisition with magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T.

Free energy profile of the substrate-induced occlusion of the human serotonin transporter.

The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of the Solute Carrier 6 (SLC6) family and is responsible for maintaining the appropriate level of serotonin in the brain. Dysfunction of SERT has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanism on an atomistic level, coupled with a quantification of transporter dynamics and the associated free energies is required.

Preserving vascular integrity during totally robotic sigmoidectomy: unleashing the power of vessel-sparing precision.

Background: This study assesses the feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of vessel-sparing approach in totally robotic sigmoidectomy for adenocarcinoma.

Material And Methods: A comprehensive protocol for completely vessel-sparing robotic sigmoidectomy (VsRS) was established at the authors' institution from January 2019 through December 2020. Surgical and pathological outcomes were indagated and compared with results of current literature.

No effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir on darunavir plasma trough concentrations: a case report.

COVID-19 may be associated with worst outcomes in people living with HIV compared with HIV-negative patients. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir can be safely co-administered with all the HIV antiretroviral drugs, without considering dose adjustment. However, no studies have formally investigated the effect of a double booster (ritonavir plus cobicistat) regimen on darunavir concentrations.