[Cholecystectomy with microlaparotomy and innovation of the ROMICRO R-set].

Gallstone disease is a major health problem, 10-15% of the adult population of Hungary are afflicted, and each year about 20,000 cholecystectomies are undertaken. There are two essential and widely accepted methods for the removal of gallbladder: conventional open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Since 1988 the authors worked on a new surgical technique and equipment (ROMICRO R-set) for cholecystectomy using a single 2-4 cm microlaparotomy inside the infrasternal triangle.

Endometrial safety of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with 17beta-oestradiol (1 or 2 mg) and dydrogesterone.

Objectives: To determine the endometrial safety of oral 17beta-oestradiol combined continuously with dydrogesterone in preventing endometrial proliferation.

Methods: The low dose group comprised three 52-week (13 cycles of 28 days) studies (two of which were double blind) using a 17beta-oestradiol dose of 1 mg daily combined with dydrogesterone 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg daily.

Molecular variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 preferentially associated with cervical neoplasia.

In order to determine geographically related intratypic variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 isolates that could be associated with lesion development, data were analysed from an ongoing cohort study of the natural course of infection of HPVs and cervical neoplasia. Testing for HPVs was carried out by PCR and molecular variants of these HPVs were characterized by sequence analysis of the long control region and by dot blot hybridization of the E6 and L1 genes. Tests for HPV were done in multiple first-year specimens from 1690 women enrolled in a cancer screening program from 1993 to 1997.

Electrophoretic karyotypes of some related Mucor species.

Contour clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis was used to obtain electrophoretic karyotypes from nine Mucor strains representing five different species (M. bainieri, M. circinelloides, M.

Human papillomavirus testing for primary screening of cervical cancer precursors.

Our objective was to determine whether the addition of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing to screening cytology improves the detection of cervical cancer precursors. Women of ages 18-69 years underwent conventional Pap cytology and HPV DNA testing in a multicenter study in Newfoundland, Canada. Those with positive cytology and/or HPV and a random sample of those with dual negative results were referred for colposcopy.

Treatment of external genital warts.

Unlabelled: ▪

Abstract: : To date the most widely used therapies for the treatment of external genital warts (EGWs) have been ablative techniques, some of which have serious side effects and result in high recurrence. This is frustrating for both patients and physicians. More recently, patient-applied therapies have become available, which offer several advantages over provider-administered therapies, and are generally preferred by the patients.

Comparison of endocervical curettage and endocervical brushing.

Objective: To compare endocervical brushing with endocervical curettage with respect to diagnostic yield by histology and patient discomfort.

Methods: Nonpregnant women referred for colposcopy because of abnormal Papanicolaou test results were randomized to endocervical sampling with either a metal curette (endocervical curettage [ECC]) or an endocervical brush. Extensive endocervical canal brushing was performed.

Endometrial precancer diagnosis by histopathology, clonal analysis, and computerized morphometry.

Management of endometrial precancers is compromised by longstanding debate over the natural history of endometrial hyperplasias and inconsistencies in their diagnosis. The recent demonstration that some hyperplasias, like cancers, are phenotypically monoclonal is useful in recognizing biological precancers. A clonal analysis has been undertaken of a series of 93 endometrial tissues and their morphology has been evaluated by subjective diagnostic classification and computerized morphometric analysis.

Design and methods of the Ludwig-McGill longitudinal study of the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in Brazil. Ludwig-McGill Study Group.

This article reports on a large longitudinal study, begun in 1993, of the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia in a population of low-income women in São Paulo, Brazil, a city with one of the highest risks worldwide for cervical cancer. Known as the Ludwig-McGill cohort study, the epidemiological investigation focuses on persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types as the precursor event leading to cervical neoplasia. The objectives of this study are to: 1) study the epidemiology of persistent cervical HPV infection in asymptomatic women, 2) investigate whether persistent HPV infection increases risk of low-grade and high-grade cervical lesions, 3) search for determinants of persistent HPV infection, 4) search for molecular variants of HPV that may be associated with an increased risk of lesions, 5) investigate whether viral burden is correlated with persistent infections and with lesion risk, 6) study the antibody response to HPV as a predictor of persistence and lesion progression, and 7) examine the role of HLA typing and codon 72 p53 gene polymorphism in mediating HPV persistence and lesion severity.

Assessing gains in diagnostic utility when human papillomavirus testing is used as an adjunct to papanicolaou smear in the triage of women with cervical cytologic abnormalities.

Objective: We aimed to provide simple methods for calculating expected sensitivity and specificity when an adjunctive test is added to a conventional test.

Study Design: Use of adjunctive methods for the triage of women with cervical abnormalities produces an apparent gain in sensitivity over Papanicolaou cytologic testing alone. This increase in sensitivity can be misleading, even if deemed significant by results of a statistical test.

Interpretation of variability of mitochondrial genomes in the species Aspergillus carbonarius.

For interpretation of intraspecific polymorphism and the considerable differences in the size of mtDNAs among three groups of A. carbonarius, restriction maps were constructed from several enzymes. Functional maps were also developed to compare genome organisations and gene content.

The mitochondrial genome of Mucor piriformis.

DNA was purified from the isolated mitochondria of a Mucor piriformis wild-type strain (NRRL 26211). A circular restriction map of the mitochondrial DNA was established on the basis of single and double digests with several restriction endonucleases. The average mitochondrial DNA size calculated from these data was 33.

A novel method for hybridization of Saccharomyces species without genetic markers.

Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were inactivated by treatment with different concentrations of antifungal compounds for various periods. Of the 14 compounds tested, N-ethylmaleimide proved to be the most efficient. The inactivation effect was fully reproducible.

Pathophysiology of adenomyosis.

Adenomyosis refers to endometrial glands and stroma located haphazardly deep within the myometrium. Similar histological alterations may be found in extrauterine locations such as the rectovaginal septum. The aetiology and pathogenic mechanism(s) responsible for adenomyosis are poorly understood.

Detection of double-stranded RNA molecules and virus-like particles in different Mucor species.

The presence of double-stranded RNA elements was examined in 123 strains representing 18 Mucor species. These genetic elements were found to be present in 6 strains: 1 M. aligarensis, 1 M.

Homothallic life cycle in the diploid red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).

Sexual activity was induced in the basidiomyceteous Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) by depletion of nitrogen from the culture medium. This activity involved both mating between two yeast cells and the formation of basidiospores. Mating is possibly started by a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle, as in other yeasts.

Low false-negative rate of PCR analysis for detecting human papillomavirus-related cervical lesions.

Although PCR analysis is a sensitive test for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cervix, the proportion of cases of cervical dysplasia missed, or the false-negative rate, has been unknown. We determined the accuracy of PCR analysis for HPV DNA as a predictor of HPV-related cervical lesions in a cross-sectional study of sexually active women, aged 18 to 50 years, from the University of Michigan Family Medicine HPV study. Of 133 eligible participants, 41 underwent colposcopy because of a positive result for HPV of the cervix by the PCR method and 92 underwent screening colposcopy with biopsy prior to knowing the HPV PCR results.

Clinical significance of histiocytes in the detection of endometrial adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia.

The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the clinical significance of histiocytes and normal endometrial cells as cytologic markers of adenocarcinoma or hyperplasia of the endometrium. Cervical-vaginal smears obtained in 102 patients with mean age 59.7 yr with abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial pathology, and 101 controls with mean age 56.

Reflex human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing in women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears.

Objective: The study examined interrelationships between sensitivity and specificity of "reflex human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing" from liquid-based cervical cytologic specimens by means of receiver operator characteristics curves.

Study Design: A cohort study was performed on 265 women evaluated by colposcopy because of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion found on Papanicolaou smear.

Results: At a positive threshold of 0.

Recombination of mitochondrial DNA without selection pressure among compatible strains of the Aspergillus niger species aggregate.

Previous mitochondrial transmission experiments between oligomycin-resistant and oligomycin-sensitive incompatible strains of the A. niger aggregate bearing various mtDNA RFLP profiles resulted in a great variety of mitochondrial recombinants under selection pressure. Apart from the recombinant mtDNAs, resistant clones harbouring unchanged RFLP profiles of resistant donor mtDNAs with the recipient nuclear backgrounds were rarely isolated.

[Structure-based drug design].

Structure-based drug design is not only a fundamental tool in the search of new drugs but also an area of intensive scientific research. The present contribution starts with a critical analysis of the potentiality of the structure based design and then reviews its methods. Protein crystallography, NMR, homology modelling and the use of antibodies are either referenced or briefly described as the methods which are able to provide us with the atomic structure of receptors.