In Vitro Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Action of CMU against Biofilm Formation and Periodontal Pathogens.

In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anti-biofilm, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity of CMU (CMU), an oral probiotic, against periodontopathogens. Compared to other oral probiotics, CMU showed a superior inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation and growth of on orthodontic wires and artificial teeth ( < 0.05).

Orai1 is an Entotic Ca Channel for Non-Apoptotic Cell Death, Entosis in Cancer Development.

Entosis is a non-apoptotic cell death process that forms characteristic cell-in-cell structures in cancers, killing invading cells. Intracellular Ca dynamics are essential for cellular processes, including actomyosin contractility, migration, and autophagy. However, the significance of Ca and Ca channels participating in entosis is unclear.

Human coronavirus 3CL proteases cleave septins and disrupt Hedgehog signaling, causing ciliary dysfunction.

Coronaviruses target ciliate cells causing the loss of cilia, acute rhinorrheas, and other ciliopathies. The loss of ciliary function may help the virus infect, replicate, and spread. However, the molecular mechanisms by which coronaviruses cause ciliary defects are still unclear.

Lymphoid Lineage γδ T Cells Were Successfully Generated from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via Hemogenic Endothelium.

γδ T cells are a rare and unique prototype of T cells that share properties with natural killer cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Although many studies have revealed the function and importance of adult-derived γδ T cells in cancer biology and regenerative medicine, the low numbers of these cells hamper their application as therapeutic cell sources in the clinic. To solve this problem, pluripotent stem cell-derived γδ T cells are considered alternative cell sources; however, few studies have reported the generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived γδ T cells.

Antifungal Effect of Nanoparticles against COVID-19 Linked Black Fungus: A Perspective on Biomedical Applications.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that has caused a 'coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19) pandemic in multiple waves, which threatens human health and public safety. During this pandemic, some patients with COVID-19 acquired secondary infections, such as mucormycosis, also known as black fungus disease. Mucormycosis is a serious, acute, and deadly fungal infection caused by Mucorales-related fungal species, and it spreads rapidly.

Multi-omics reveals microbiome, host gene expression, and immune landscape in gastric carcinogenesis.

To date, there has been no multi-omic analysis characterizing the intricate relationships between the intragastric microbiome and gastric mucosal gene expression in gastric carcinogenesis. Using multi-omic approaches, we provide a comprehensive view of the connections between the microbiome and host gene expression in distinct stages of gastric carcinogenesis (i.e.

Metastasis enhancer PGRMC1 boosts store-operated Ca entry by uncoiling Ca sensor STIM1 for focal adhesion turnover and actomyosin formation.

Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), the overexpression of which reduces survivability of cancer patients, is essential for cell migration and metastasis. However, the intracellular signaling pathways involved are largely unknown. Here, we report that PGRMC1 promotes store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) as a functional interactor of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1).

Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Using Nontoxic CuInSe Quantum Dots with ZnS/SiO Double Overlayers.

Quantum dots (QDs) are a promising material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen (H) production because of their attractive optical properties including high optical absorption coefficient, band-gap tunability, and potential multiple exciton generation. To date, QDs containing toxic elements such as Cd or Pb have been mainly investigated for PEC H production, which cannot be utilized in practice because of the environmental issue. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient type II heterojunction photoanode of nontoxic CuInSe (CISe) QDs and a mesoporous TiO film.

Impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effects of SCFA supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. Mice were fed with sodium butyrate or a mixture of SCFAs in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d.

The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[NiCoMn]O.

In order to examine the effect of excessive sulfate in the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs), LiNiCoMnO (pristine NCM) and sulfate-containing LiNiCoMnO (NCMS) are prepared by a co-precipitation method. The crystal structures, morphology, surface species, and electrochemical performances of both cathode active materials are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and charge-discharge tests. The XRD patterns and XPS results identify the presence of sulfate groups on the surface of NCMS.

Proteome profile of spleen in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) naturally infected with rock bream iridovirus (RBIV).

Background: Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) is one of the most dangerous pathogens that causes the highest mortality in the aquaculture of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Even though RBIV infection leads to huge economic loss, proteome studies on RBIV-infected rock bream have not been conducted to provide information about the differential protein expression pattern by the host protection system.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein expression patterns in spleens of rock bream olive after infection by RBIV or mixed infection by RBIV and bacteria.

Prevention of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in mice by scaffold-based local delivery of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy in young cancer survivors. It may not only reduce fecundity but also affect lifelong health. There is no standard therapy for preserving ovarian health after chemotherapy.

Genome stabilization by RAD51-stimulatory compound 1 enhances efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer-mediated reprogramming and full-term development of cloned mouse embryos.

Objectives: The genetic instability and DNA damage arise during transcription factor-mediated reprogramming of somatic cells, and its efficiency may be reduced due to abnormal chromatin remodelling. The efficiency in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-mediated reprogramming is also very low, and it is caused by development arrest of most reconstituted embryos.

Materials And Methods: Whether the repair of genetic instability or double-strand breaks (DSBs) during SCNT reprogramming may play an important role in embryonic development, we observed and analysed the effect of Rad 51, a key modulator of DNA damage response (DDR) in SCNT-derived embryos.

Differential proteome profile of gill and spleen in three pathogen-infected Paralichthys olivaceus.

Background: Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the major cultured fish species in Asia including Korea. However, the mass mortality of olive flounder caused by various pathogens leads to huge economic loss. The pathogens that lead to fish mortality include parasites, bacteria, and viruses that can cause various kinds of diseases.

The difference in sleep, depression, anxiety, and Internet addiction between Korean adolescents with different circadian preference.

Objectives: Compared to adults, adolescents tend to prefer evening times developmentally. The orientation toward evening times is associated with behavioral and emotional problems. Thus, this study examined the association of circadian preference with sleep-related variables, depression, anxiety, and Internet addiction in Korean adolescents.

Local Stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Controls Intestinal Inflammation Enhanced Gut Barrier Function and Immune Regulation.

Intestinal epithelial cells are adapted in mucosal hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in these cells can fortify barrier integrity to support mucosal tissue healing. Here we investigated whether hypoxia-related pathways could be proposed as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease. We developed a novel hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, CG-598 which stabilized HIF-1α in the gut tissue.

Role of the global gut microbial community in the development of colitis-associated cancer in a murine model.

The gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We investigated how the gut microbiota affects the development of CAC when the composition of the microbial community is altered by the administration of various antibiotics in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 12.

HDAC Inhibitor, CG-745, Enhances the Anti-Cancer Effect of Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor by Modulation of the Immune Microenvironment.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are well-known epigenetic regulators with therapeutic potential in various diseases. Recent studies have shown that HDACis are involved in immune-mediated anti-cancer effects and may modulate the activity of immunotherapy agents. CG-745, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown anti-cancer effects in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.

Improvement of Inflammation through Antioxidant Pathway of Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH Extract (GE) from Acute Reflux Esophagitis Rats.

Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH extract (GE) is a traditional herb that has been used to treat a variety of diseases. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties of GE on acute reflux-induced esophagitis (RE) model in rats. 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of GE.

Enhancement of surgical hand gesture recognition using a capsule network for a contactless interface in the operating room.

Background And Objective: Hand gesture recognition systems in operating rooms (ORs) are crucial for browsing and controlling computer-aided devices, which have been developed to decrease the risk of contamination during surgical procedures.

Methods: We proposed the use of hand gesture recognition to enhance accuracies and recognition areas with the capsule network (CapsNet) of deep neural network and Leap Motionâ Our method includes the i) extraction and preprocessing of infrared (IR) images (60 frames per second) from Leap Motion™, ii) training of various types of networks, and iii) gesture recognition evaluation in the OR. We trained the images of training dataset (N=903) and tested images (N=100) using five types of surgical hand gestures including hovering, grab, click, one peak, and two peaks by 10 subjects with various types of augmentation methods including rotate (0, 90, 180), scale, translation, illumination, and resize.

Role of innate lymphoid cells in chronic colitis during anti-IL-17A therapy.

IL-17A is an important cytokine in intestinal inflammation. However, anti-IL-17A therapy does not improve clinical outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease. We aimed to evaluate the role of RORγt innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in murine colitis models in the absence of IL-17A.

The impact of gut microbiota manipulation with antibiotics on colon tumorigenesis in a murine model.

It has been suggested that manipulation of gut microbiota using antibiotics can inhibit colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in a mouse model. We investigated whether timing of gut microbial manipulation using antibiotics affects colon tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC model. CAC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by injection of 12.

The inactivation domain of STIM1 acts through intramolecular binding to the coiled-coil domain in the resting state.

Store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) is a major Ca influx pathway that is controlled by the ER Ca sensor STIM1. Abnormal activation of STIM1 directly influences Ca influx, resulting in severe diseases such as Stormorken syndrome. The inactivation domain of STIM1 (IDstim) has been identified as being essential for Ca-dependent inactivation of STIM1 (CDI) after SOCE occurs.

Lercanidipine Synergistically Enhances Bortezomib Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells via Enhanced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Ca Overload.

The proteasome inhibitor (PI), bortezomib (Btz), is effective in treating multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, but not solid tumors. In this study, we show for the first time that lercanidipine (Ler), an antihypertensive drug, enhances the cytotoxicity of various PIs, including Btz, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, in many solid tumor cell lines by inducing paraptosis, which is accompanied by severe vacuolation derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. We found that Ler potentiates Btz-mediated ER stress and ER dilation, possibly due to misfolded protein accumulation, in MDA-MB 435S cells.

Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogen testing for predicting gastric microbiome abundance.

Background: Although the high-throughput sequencing technique is useful for evaluating gastric microbiome, it is difficult to use clinically. We aimed to develop a predictive model for gastric microbiome based on serologic testing.

Methods: This study was designed to analyze sequencing data obtained from the Hanyang University Gastric Microbiome Cohort, which was established initially to investigate gastric microbial composition according to the intragastric environment.