Heterogeneous Cluster Energetics and Nonlinear Thermodynamic Response in Supercritical Fluids.

Microstructural heterogeneities arising from molecular clusters directly affect the nonlinear thermodynamic properties of supercritical fluids. We present a physical model to elucidate the relation between energy exchange and heterogeneous cluster dynamics during the transition from liquidlike to gaslike conditions. By analyzing molecular-dynamics data and employing physical principles, the model considers contributions from three key processes, namely, changing cluster density, cluster separation, and transfer of molecules between clusters.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Association Between Average Daily Activity Counts and Knee Osteoarthritis Progression.

Objective: To explore the relationship between daily activity counts and knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression.

Design: A cohort study using Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) data included 610 participants aged 45-79 years with knee OA or at risk. Daily activity counts were measured using ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers.

Geographic variation of recorded neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adults.

Introduction: While diagnosis rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vary within countries at a large-scale municipal level, small neighbourhood geographic variation remains understudied. In this nationwide study, we describe the rates of ASD and ADHD diagnoses in children and adults by geographical data zones of approximately 2,500 residents across Denmark.

Methods: We included a population of children born from 1993 through 2020 and an adult population born from 1977 through 2003.

Advances in Functional Nucleic Acid SERS Sensing Strategies.

Functional nucleic acids constitute a distinct category of nucleic acids that diverge from conventional nucleic acid amplification methodologies. They are capable of forming intricate hybrid structures through Hoogsteen and reverse Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding interactions between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, thereby broadening the spectrum of DNA interactions. In recent years, functional DNA/RNA-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a potent platform capable of ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of a variety of analytes of interest.

Identification and validation of the diagnostic biomarker MFAP5 for CAVD with type 2 diabetes by bioinformatics analysis.

Introduction: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is increasingly prevalent among the aging population, and there is a notable lack of drug therapies. Consequently, identifying novel drug targets will be of utmost importance. Given that type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for CAVD, we identified key genes associated with diabetes - related CAVD via various bioinformatics methods, which provide further potential molecular targets for CAVD with diabetes.

Association Between Cognitive Frailty and Depression: A Prospective Cohort Study of Adults Aged 45 Years and Older in China.

Background: The interplay between cognitive frailty and depression remains inadequately understood, with a paucity of evidence from prospective cohort studies. Our study aims to elucidate the relationship between cognitive frailty and the risk of incident depression.

Methods: Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) spanning 2011, 2013, and 2015, subjects were classified according to cognitive frailty criteria established by an international consensus panel.

Risk of myocardial infarction and Osteoporosis: Insights from the 2015-2018 NHANES and Mendelian randomization Studies.

Background: There are some common pathophysiological risk factors between myocardial infarction and osteoporosis, and the exact relationship between the two is not yet clear. Our study aims to provide evidence on the relationship between myocardial infarction and osteoporosis through the analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis from 2015 to 2018.

Methods: A two-sample MR study using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was conducted to determine the causal relationship between myocardial infarction and osteoporosis.

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast containing three histological components: a case report.

Malignant breast tumors mainly arise from the ductal and lobular epithelium, whereas sarcomas, which originate from the stromal tissues of the breast, account for less than 5% of cases. Mostly, these tumors consist of a single tissue type, rendering malignant breast tumors with three distinct tissue types exceedingly rare. We report a unique case of a malignant breast tumor comprising three tissue types: squamous cell carcinoma (approximately 25%), invasive ductal carcinoma (approximately 5%), and fibrosarcoma (approximately 70%).

Acupuncture for hormonal readiness and gut microbiota in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To explore whether acupuncture combined with clomiphene can reduce the luteinizing hormone-to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and impact the gut microbiota in patients with obese polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: This open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled trial included 86 women aged 20-40 years with obese polycystic ovary syndrome and 19 healthy controls. Participants were randomly assigned to either an acupuncture combined with clomiphene group or a clomiphene-only group, with a healthy control group for comparison.

Mitochondria-Targeting Virus-Like Gold Nanoparticles Enhance Chemophototherapeutic Efficacy Against Pancreatic Cancer in a Xenograft Mouse Model.

Background: The dense and fibrotic nature of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment significantly contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. This challenging environment acts as a formidable barrier, hindering effective drug penetration and delivery, which ultimately limits the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers to overcome the extracellular matrix barrier; however, their limited targeting precision, poor delivery efficiency, and insufficient photothermal conversion present challenges.

Advancements in Betulinic Acid-Loaded Nanoformulations for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Therapy.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound obtained from plant extracts and is known for its diverse pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Its potential in anti-tumor therapy has garnered considerable attention, particularly for the treatment of breast, lung, and liver cancers. However, the clinical utility of BA is greatly hindered by its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and off-target toxicity.

Highly Sensitive Linear Triaxial Force Sensor Based on Multimodal Sensing for 3D Pose Reconstruction.

Flexible sensing offers real-time force monitoring, presenting a versatile and effective solution for dexterous manipulation, healthcare, environmental exploration, and perception of physical properties. Nonetheless, a limitation of many existing flexible force sensors stems from their isotropic structure or material properties, preventing them from simultaneously detecting both the direction and magnitude of the applied force. Herein, a high-performance 3D force sensor based on orthogonal multimodal sensing, the cancellation principle, and the strain effect is proposed.

Optimal Method to Realize Quantitative Detection of 1D and 2D Nanoassemblies Based on AIE-Active Bolaamphiphilic Molecules.

Controllable transformation between the bolaamphiphilic molecule assemblies with different morphological nanostructures represents an exciting new direction for materials. However, there are still significant challenges for the quantitative detection and real-time monitoring of a controllable nanoself-assembly process due to insufficient measuring methods. Herein, we propose a new and effective fluorescence technology for realizing quantitative detection of a controllable conversion process of one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D) nanoassemblies by introducing AIEgens as the fluorescence signal part.

Relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization, energy metabolism, and gut microbiota in growing pigs.

Background: There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming, but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature. This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization, energy metabolism, and gut microbiota in growing pigs.

Methods: Thirty-six growing barrows (47.

Protective effect of compound K against podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stands as a formidable global health challenge, often advancing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with devastating morbidity and mortality. At the central of this progression lies podocyte injury, a critical determinant of glomerular dysfunction. Compound K (CK), a bioactive metabolite derived from ginsenoside, has emerged as a compelling candidate for nephroprotective therapy.

Multienzyme cascade for synthesis of hydroxytyrosol via engineered Escherichia coli.

Hydroxytyrosol, a fine chemical, is widely utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we constructed a pathway to produce hydroxytyrosol by co-expressing tyrosin-phenol lyase (TPL), L-amino acid dehydrogenase (aadL), α-keto acid decarboxylase (KAD), aldehyde reductase (yahK) and glucose dehydrogenase (gdh). We changed combinations between plasmids with different copy numbers and target genes, resulting in 84% increase in hydroxytyrosol production.

Neurotensin-neurotensin receptor 2 signaling in adipocytes suppresses food intake through regulating ceramide metabolism.

Neurotensin (NTS) is a secretory peptide produced by lymphatic endothelial cells. Our previous study revealed that NTS suppressed the activity of brown adipose tissue via interactions with NTSR2. In the current study, we found that the depletion of Ntsr2 in white adipocytes upregulated food intake, while the local treatment of NTS suppressed food intake.

Sensorless control of switched reluctance motor based on inductance characteristic point under magnetic saturation.

This paper presents a method of rotor position estimation for switched reluctance motors suitable for saturation. The effects of saturation as well as voltage changes are taken into account at the same time. It is based on the inductance in the unsaturated region.

Artificial molecular communication network based on DNA nanostructures recognition.

Artificial simulated communication networks inspired by molecular communication in organisms use biological and chemical molecules as information carriers to realize information transmission. However, the design of programmable, multiplexed and general simulation models remains challenging. Here, we develop a DNA nanostructure recognition-based artificial molecular communication network (DR-AMCN), in which rectangular DNA origami nanostructures serve as nodes and their recognition as edges.

NIR-II-excited off-on-off fluorescent nanoprobes for sensitive molecular imaging in vivo.

Strong background interference signals from normal tissues have significantly compromised the sensitive fluorescence imaging of early disease tissues with exogenous probes in vivo, particularly for sensitive fluorescence imaging of early liver disease due to the liver's significant uptake and accumulation of exogenous nanoprobes, coupled with high tissue autofluorescence and deep tissue depth. As a proof-of-concept study, we herein report a near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1.0-1.

Interplay between disorder and topology in Thouless pumping on a superconducting quantum processor.

Topological phases are robust against weak perturbations, but break down when disorder becomes sufficiently strong. However, moderate disorder can also induce topologically nontrivial phases. Thouless pumping, as a (1+1)D counterpart of the integer quantum Hall effect, is one of the simplest manifestations of topology.

Transition metal vacancy and position engineering enables reversible anionic redox reaction for sodium storage.

Triggering the anionic redox reaction is an effective approach to boost the capacity of layered transition metal (TM) oxides. However, the irreversible oxygen release and structural deterioration at high voltage remain conundrums. Herein, a strategy for Mg ion and vacancy dual doping with partial TM ions pinned in the Na layers is developed to improve both the reversibility of anionic redox reaction and structural stability of layered oxides.

The independent and combined associations of nocturnal sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and sleep onset latency with global cognitive function in older Chinese adults.

This study aims to investigate the independent and combined associations of nocturnal sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and sleep onset latency with global cognitive function in older Chinese adults. Our cross-sectional study included 4601 community-dwelling cognitively unimpaired adults aged 60 years or older from the West China Health and Aging Cohort Study. Sleep characteristics were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and global cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).