Potential Roles of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Beneficial or Detrimental?

The major pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are mainly composed of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation are crucial contributing factors to the pathological mechanisms of AD. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor critical for tissue adaption to low-oxygen tension.

Protein Kinase C-Delta Mediates Cell Cycle Reentry and Apoptosis Induced by Amyloid-Beta Peptide in Post-Mitotic Cortical Neurons.

Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a neurotoxic constituent of senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The detailed mechanisms by which protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) contributes to Aβ toxicity is not yet entirely understood. Using fully differentiated primary rat cortical neurons, we found that inhibition of Aβ25-35-induced PKCδ increased cell viability with restoration of neuronal morphology.

Intravenous Odatroltide for Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 24 Hours of Onset: A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Purpose: Odatroltide (LT3001), a novel small synthetic peptide molecule designed to recanalize occluded blood vessels and reduce reperfusion injury, is safe and efficacious in multiple embolic stroke animal models. This study aimed to investigate the safety and tolerability of intravenous administration of odatroltide in patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours of onset.

Patients And Methods: Patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS 4-30) who were untreated with intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy were randomized (2:1) to receive a single dose of odatroltide (0.

Development of an Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) Microfluidic System for High-Performance Isolation and Purification of Bacteria.

For the rapid detection of bacteria in a blood sample, nucleic acid amplification-based assays are believed to be promising. Nevertheless, the nucleic acids released from the dead blood cells or bacteria could affect the assay performance. This highlights the importance of the isolation of live bacteria from blood samples.

Ginsenoside compound K reduces the progression of Huntington's disease via the inhibition of oxidative stress and overactivation of the ATM/AMPK pathway.

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeat in the Huntingtin () gene. The major pathogenic pathways underlying HD involve the impairment of cellular energy homeostasis and DNA damage in the brain. The protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an important regulator of the DNA damage response.

Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Intravenous Thrombolysis Outcomes for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multicenter Prospective-Cohort Study.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has recently been proposed as a reliable marker of insulin resistance. There is insufficient evidence to verify that the TyG index is correlated with functional outcomes and hemorrhagic transformation and in patients with stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

Methods: We designed a multicenter cohort study, which enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with IVT between December 2004 and December 2016.

Comparison of Different Dosages of Alteplase in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Nationwide, Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.

Background Insufficient evidence is available for patients with acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (AF) to determine the efficacy and safety of different dosages of intravenous thrombolysis treatment. This study examined clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with stroke with and without AF after intravenous thrombolysis treatment with different intravenous thrombolysis doses. Methods and Results This multicenter, prospective cohort study recruited 2351 patients with acute ischemic stroke (1371 with AF and 980 without AF) treated with intravenous thrombolysis using alteplase.

Potential Roles of Sestrin2 in Alzheimer's Disease: Antioxidation, Autophagy Promotion, and Beyond.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. It presents with progressive memory loss, worsens cognitive functions to the point of disability, and causes heavy socioeconomic burdens to patients, their families, and society as a whole. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AD are complex and may involve excitotoxicity, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), aberrant cell cycle reentry, impaired mitochondrial function, and DNA damage.

Corrigendum: Pre-treatment of Single and Double Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant With Intravenous Thrombolysis for Older Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The TTT-AIS Experience.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.

The p53/NF-kappaB-dependent induction of sestrin2 by amyloid-beta peptides exerts antioxidative actions in neurons.

Accumulation of senile plaques mainly composed of neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sestrin2 inducible by various types of stressors is known to promote autophagy and exert antioxidative effects. In this work, we revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ induction of sestrin2 and tested whether antioxidation, in addition to autophagy regulation, also contributes to its neuroprotective effects in primary rat cortical neurons.

Pre-treatment of Single and Double Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant With Intravenous Thrombolysis for Older Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The TTT-AIS Experience.

This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of single antiplatelet, anticoagulant and Dual Antiplatelet pre-treatment (DAPP) in older, moderate to high severity acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). A prospective cohort study was conducted to monitor the development of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and functional outcomes at 90 days. Two different dosages of alteplase were used for IVT.

Emerging Roles of Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Cell Cycle Reentry and Beyond.

Inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation (Id) proteins, a family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that includes four members of Id1 to Id4 in mammalian cells, are critical for regulating cell growth, differentiation, senescence, cell cycle progression, and increasing angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, as well as accelerating the ability of cell migration. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in the adult population, manifests the signs of cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and functional impairment. The underlying mechanisms for AD are not well-clarified yet, but the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβs), the major components in the senile plaques observed in AD brains, contributes significantly to the disease progression.

Roles of Id1/HIF-1 and CDK5/HIF-1 in cell cycle reentry induced by amyloid-beta peptide in post-mitotic cortical neuron.

One neurotoxic mechanism of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), the major component of senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, is to trigger cell cycle reentry in fully differentiated neurons. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using Aβ25-35-treated primary rat cortical neurons as the experimental system, in the present study we tested whether Aβ-induced inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) contribute to cell cycle reentry in fully differentiated post-mitotic neurons.

A performance guide for major risk factors control in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Taiwan.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease, carries a high morbidity and mortality. Risk factor control is especially important for patients with ASCVD to reduce recurrent cardiovascular events. Clinical guidelines have been developed by the Taiwan Society of Cardiology, Taiwan Society of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, and Diabetes Association of Republic of China (Taiwan) to assist health care professionals in Taiwan about the control of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus.

Transient Global Amnesia Linked to Impairment of Brain Venous Drainage: An Ultrasound Investigation.

Previous neuroimaging and ultrasound studies suggested that compression and stenosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) may impair IJV drainage, while a patent IJV releases intracranial pressure caused by the Valsalva maneuver (VM). Seventy-nine TGA patients with complete ultrasound examination data during admission were recruited prospectively to evaluate IJV drainage, which included the time-averaged mean velocity, and the cross-sectional lumen area of the IJV at the vein's middle (J2) and distal (J3) segments and the cross-sectional area during a 10-s VM to test for any retrograde or anti-grade flow. Forty-five TGA patients and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects underwent complete contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) venous studies, which included time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics, contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted MR imaging, and phase-contrast-based non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance venography (MRV).

Low-dose versus standard-dose intravenous alteplase for octogenerian acute ischemic stroke patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background And Purpose: The optimal dose of alteplase for acute ischemic stroke among geriatric patients is unclear. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a low-dose (0.6 mg/kg) and standard-dose (0.

Statins and the risk of bleeding in patients taking dabigatran.

Objectives: Dabigatran etexilate is a direct thrombin inhibitor that clinicians increasingly prescribe to prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Clinicians also commonly prescribe statins for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about the bleeding risk in patients taking a statin and dabigatran together.

Low Cholesterol Levels Increase Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Rates After Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Multicenter Cohort Validation Study.

Aim: Although a lower level of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was reported to be inversely associated with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), no enough evidence has verified whether lipid profiles modify hemorrhagic transformation and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic treated with thrombolysis.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 2373 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis between December 2004 and December 2016. Of these, 1845 patients were categorized into either the hyperlipidemia or non-hyperlipidemia group.

Id1 and Sonic Hedgehog Mediate Cell Cycle Reentry and Apoptosis Induced by Amyloid Beta-Peptide in Post-mitotic Cortical Neurons.

Amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ), the neurotoxic component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, is known to trigger cell cycle reentry in post-mitotic neurons followed by apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we have reported that Aβs stimulate the expression of inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) to induce sonic hedgehog (SHH) (Hung et al.

Hyperglycemia predicts unfavorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis among a Chinese population: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Purpose: Poorly controlled blood glucose was reported to cause deterioration of acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated whether an elevated admission serum glucose level in the 3-h time window of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke determined poor functional outcomes among Chinese population.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study.

Delayed diagnosis of atrial fibrillation after first-ever stroke increases recurrent stroke risk: a 5-year nationwide follow-up study.

Background: Delayed detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with stroke. However, it is not well known whether delayed identification of AF in patients with stroke affects the prognosis of patients.

Aims: To evaluate the association between the timing of AF diagnosis after stroke and clinical outcomes.

Three years of the nationwide post-acute stroke care program in Taiwan.

Prolonged hospital stay and readmission are prevalent problems for stroke patients in Taiwan after the acute stage, partly due to the unmet need of post-acute care. In March 2014, Taiwan's National Health Insurance Administration launched a nationwide Post-Acute Care-CerebroVascular Disease (PAC-CVD) program. The Taiwan Stroke Society, coordinating 11 allied disciplines, took responsibility for the preparation and implementation of the program.

Ultrasound diagnosis of transverse sinus hypoplasia using flow profiles of the internal jugular vein.

Accurate diagnosis of subtypes of transverse sinus (TS) hypoplasia requires more expensive methods like magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We hypothesized ultrasound findings of the internal jugular vein (IJV) can be surrogate indicators for diagnosis of TS hypoplasia. MR images were reviewed in 131 subjects to evaluate TS diameter and the location and degree of venous flow stenosis and obstruction.