Therapeutic effect of an inhaled levodopa dry powder formulation on off episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Limited treatment options with a rapid onset of action are available to treat off episodes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Therefore, the development of rapid onset formulations, for instance with levodopa, is warranted, which was the reason to investigate an inhalable formulation of levodopa.

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the duration until maximum effect is reached of inhaled levodopa on the improvement of motor function of PD patients.

Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions in Crohn's Disease.

The treatment goal for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) has traditionally been aimed at symptomatic steroid-free clinical remission [...

Impact of timing of primary ileocecal resection on prognosis in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: The advantage of early ileocecal resection after Crohn's disease diagnosis is a matter of debate. This study aims to assess the timing of ileocecal resection on prognosis, after correction for possible confounders.

Methods: Patients with Crohn's disease with primary ileocecal resection between 2000 and 2019 were included in a retrospective multicentre cohort.

Dry mouth in patients with a life-limiting condition or frailty: a study protocol for two intervention studies and a nested qualitative sub-study (the Dry mOuth Project, DROP).

Background: Despite its prevalent and impactful nature, dry mouth remains an underexposed and undertreated symptom in patients with a life-limiting condition or frailty. The main contributing factors are a lack of awareness and knowledge amongst both healthcare professionals and patients, and a scarcity of effective, evidence-based interventions. In the DRy mOuth Project (DROP), we address these factors by investigating both a non-pharmacological and a pharmacological intervention: a nurse-led patient education program and locally applied pilocarpine.

How, when and why abilities go social: researching children's empathy and prosocial behaviors in context.

Introduction: The current paper undertakes interdisciplinary research on empathy in children by combining insights and methodological tools from the fields of psychology, education and anthropology. The researchers aim to map how children's individual empathic abilities studied on a cognitive level do or do not coincide with their empathic expressions as part of group dynamics in daily life at the classroom level.

Method: We combined qualitative and quantitative methods within three different classrooms at three different schools.